06845nam 2200601 a 450 991096589600332120251116181856.01-62417-475-2(CKB)2550000001043463(EBL)3021554(SSID)ssj0000876346(PQKBManifestationID)12387481(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000876346(PQKBWorkID)10896678(PQKB)11498998(MiAaPQ)EBC3021554(Au-PeEL)EBL3021554(CaPaEBR)ebr10683293(OCoLC)829713428(BIP)33837623(EXLCZ)99255000000104346320110202d2011 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrVaricose veins symptoms, causes and treatments /Andrea L. Nelson, editor1st ed.New York Nova Science Publishersc20111 online resource (212 p.)Public health in the 21st centuryNeuroanatomy research at the leading edgeDescription based upon print version of record.1-61209-841-X Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- VARICOSE VEINS: SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND TREATMENTS -- VARICOSE VEINS: SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND TREATMENTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- VARICOSE VEINS ARE CAUSED BY SEGMENTAL FAILURES OF THE VASOREGULATORY ROLE OF THE VENOUS MICROCIRCULATION, MEDIATED BY PLASMA NOREPINEPHRINE -- ABSTRACT -- SECTION 1. -- Introduction -- SECTION 2. -- The Experimental Design -- Turbulence -- The A/V Module -- Cardiac A/V Modules -- Drainage of the A/V Module -- A/V Shunts -- The Structural and Functional Independence of Modules -- The Regulatory Function of the Adrenergic Plexus and the Microcirculation -- Evidence of the Dilator Effect of Microcirculatory NE In Vivo -- Factors That Determine and Affect Venous Tone -- The Role of the Vascular Microcirculation -- The Renal Capsular Microcirculation -- The Pharmacology of the Microcirculation -- SECTION 3. -- The Stenotic Constrictor Effect of Isoprenaline -- THE VALVE AGGER -- The Role of the Agger in Reflux -- The Venodilator Potency of Microcirculatory NE -- In Vivo Plasma NE Concentrations and Varicosities -- Varicosities Caused by Orthograde Perfusion -- Arterial Dilitation Caused by Microcirculatory NE -- SECTION 4. -- Validation -- The Multiplication of Varicosities -- Therapeutic Options -- SECTION 5. -- The Bipolar Nature of the NE Stimulus -- The Roles of Neuronal and Plasma NE in Smooith Muscle Contraction -- The Roles of NE in Smooth Muscle Contraction -- Contraction in the Microcirculation -- The Role of the General Microcirculation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN THE VARICOSE VEIN PATHOLOGY: NEW INSIGHTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASE -- 2.1. Types and Distribution of Cells -- 2.1.1. Leukocytes -- 2.1.2. Endothelial Cells -- 2.1.3. Other Cells -- 2.2. Extracelular Matrix -- 2.3. Inflammatory Mediators.2.3.1. Adhesion Molecules -- 2.3.2.MMPs -- 2.3.3. Cytokines -- 2.3.4. Growth Factors -- 2.3.5. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIF) -- 2.3.6. Oxidative Stress -- 2.3.7. Lipid Mediators -- 2.4. Mechanisms for Cell Activation and Inflammation -- 3. THERAPEUTICAL APPROACHES TO CVD -- 3.1. Current Therapies -- 3.1.2. Compressive Therapy -- 3.1.3. Surgical And Interventional Treatment -- 3.2. Pharmacological Therapy -- 3.2.1. Venoactive Drugs -- 3.2.1.1. Flavonoids and its Derivatives -- 3.2.1.2. Other Natural Venoactive Drugs -- 3.2.2. Non-Venoactive Agents -- 3.2.2.1. Prostaglandin E1 -- 3.2.2.2. Prostacyclin Analogues -- 3.2.2.3. Pentoxifylline -- 3.2.2.4.Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) -- 3.2.2.5.Synthetic Peptide -- 3.2.3. Other Potential Pharmacological Agents -- CONCLUSION -- DECLARATION -- REFERENCES -- ASCENDING EVOLUTION OF VARICOSE VEINS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VARICOSE VEINS AND "RETROGRADE THEORY" -- ASCENDING THEORY -- 1. Ascending Theory: Rationale and Theoretical Assumptions -- 2. Ascending Theory: Clinical Evidence -- A. Clinical Data on Patterns of Venous Varicosities -- Reflux Distribution and Progression in Non-Treated Limbs -- Reflux and Perforator Veins -- Reflux and Tributaries Veins -- B. Clinical Data on Reflux with Competent Saphenous Junction -- C. Clinical Results after Varicose Vein Treatments with Preservation of Sapheno-Femoral Confluence (Junction Sparing) -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS BY ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY OF FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY -- PRODUCTION OF SCLEROSANT FOAM -- PATIENT SELECTION -- DIAGNOSTICS BEFORE SCLEROTHERAPY -- DUPLEX ULTRASOUND-GUIDED SCLEROTHERAPY -- RECENT RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS OF SCLEROSANT FOAM AND LIQUID FOR GSV REFLUX.COMPARISON OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY WITH OTHER TREATMENT OPTIONS -- SAFETY ASPECTS OF FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY -- GAS MIXTURE -- FOAM CONCENTRATION AND VOLUME -- Body Position -- Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AIRPLETHYSMOGRAPHY: A DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE -- INTRODUCTION -- AIRPLETHSMOGRAPHY -- EQUIPMENT AND EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE -- INTERPRETATION OF APG RESULTS -- CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THE APG -- REFERENCES -- THE CHALLENGE OF UPWARD VS DOWNWARD DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY VARICOSE VEINS -- ABSTRACT -- REFERENCES -- THE PATHOGENESIS OF VARICOSE VEINS: "BEYOND VALVULAR INSUFFICIENCY" -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION AND PATHOGENESIS -- PREVALENCE -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS IN VVS -- HISTOLOGY -- CLINICAL PRESENTATION -- DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT -- MANAGEMENT OF VVS -- CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT -- SCLEROTHERAPY -- MANAGEMENT OF SAPHENO- FEMORAL INCOMPETENCE -- Surgery -- RADIO-FREQUENCY AND LASER CLOSURE -- SAPHENO-POPLITEAL INCOMPETENCE -- ALTERNATIVE THERAPY FOR VVS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.Presents topical research in the study of the symptoms, causes and treatments of varicose veins. This book discusses topics that include segmental failure of the vaso-regulatory function of venous microcirculation causing varicose veins; the role of inflammation in varicose vein pathology; diagnostic airplethysmography; and, more.Public health in the 21st century series.Neuroanatomy research at the leading edge.Varicose veinsVaricose veins.616.1/43Nelson Andrea L1870612MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910965896003321Varicose veins4479129UNINA