12021nam 22007814a 450 991096571190332120251017110107.09786610185801978128018580912801858059780309539289030953928597805851956740585195676(CKB)110986584752816(OCoLC)44959635(CaPaEBR)ebrary10060446(SSID)ssj0000237607(PQKBManifestationID)11924863(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000237607(PQKBWorkID)10193282(PQKB)10341841(MiAaPQ)EBC3376861(Au-PeEL)EBL3376861(CaPaEBR)ebr10060446(CaONFJC)MIL18580(OCoLC)697760479(Perlego)4736275(DNLM)941533(EXLCZ)9911098658475281620000324d1999 ua 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrReview of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents /Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical Chemical-Warfare Agents, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19991 online resource (320 p.) The Compass seriesBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph9780309065986 0309065984 Includes bibliographical references.Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments For Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents -- Copyright -- OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY -- Other Reports of the Committee on Toxicology -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFDS AND SFS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- GA -- GB -- GD -- VX -- SULFUR MUSTARD -- LEWISITE -- 1 Introduction -- REFERENCES -- 2 Derivation of Reference Doses -- REFERENCE-DOSE CALCULATION -- BENCHMARK DOSE -- UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for GA -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY -- APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT -- APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN -- PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES -- DATA-BASE ADEQUACY -- MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY -- SUMMARY -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for GB -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY -- APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT -- APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN -- PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES -- DATA-BASE ADEQUACY -- MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY -- SUMMARY -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM REFERENCE DOSE FOR GD -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY.APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT -- APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN -- PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES -- DATA-BASE ADEQUACY -- MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY -- SUMMARY -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for VX -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY -- APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT -- APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN -- PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES -- DATA-BASE ADEQUACY -- MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY -- SUMMARY -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose and Slope Factor For Sulfur Mustard -- EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY -- APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT -- APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- Extrapolation from Animal to Human -- Protecting Susceptible Subpopulations -- Extrapolation from LOAEL to NOAEL -- Extrapolation from Subchronic to Chronic Exposures -- Data-Base Adequacy -- Modifying Factor for Additional Uncertainty -- Summary -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM CANCER SLOPE FACTOR -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM CANCER SLOPE FACTOR -- APPROPRIATENESS OF METHOD USED -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES.8 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for Lewisite -- DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD -- APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY -- APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT -- APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN -- PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL -- EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES -- DATA-BASE ADEQUACY -- MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY -- SUMMARY -- WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Glossary -- Appendix A Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GA -- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT GA -- DISCLAIMER -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE -- 1.2.1 Air -- 1.2.2 Water -- 1.2.3 Soil -- 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION -- 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System -- 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases -- 2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity -- 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- 3. TOXICOLOGY -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Acute Toxicity -- 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity -- 3.4 Chronic Toxicity -- 3.5 Nervous System Toxicity -- 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects -- 3.7 Carcinogenicity -- 3.8 Genotoxicity -- 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR GA -- 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint -- 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for GA -- 4.3 Overall Confidence in the Oral RfD -- 4.4 Comparison of the Oral RfD with Human Toxicity Data -- 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT -- 6. REFERENCES CITED -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- APPENDIX C -- Appendix B Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GB -- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT GB -- DISCLAIMER -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS.LIST OF TABLES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE -- 1.2.1. Air -- 1.2.2 Water -- 1.2.3 Soil -- 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION -- 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System -- 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases -- 2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity -- 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- 3. TOXICOLOGY -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Acute Toxicity -- 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity -- 3.4 Chronic Toxicity -- 3.5 Nervous System Toxicity -- 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects -- 3.7 Carcinogenicity -- 3.8 Genotoxicity -- 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR GB -- 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint -- 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD -- 4.3 Overall Confidence in the Oral RfD -- 4.4 Comparison of the RfD with Human Toxicity Data -- 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT -- 6. REFERENCES CITED -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- Appendix C Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GD (Soman) -- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NERVE AGENT GD (SOMAN) -- DISCLAIMER -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE -- 1.2.1 Air -- 1.2.2 Water -- 1.2.3 Soil -- 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION -- 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System -- 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases -- 2.2.1 Intra-and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity -- 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- 3. TOXICOLOGY -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Short-term Toxicity -- 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity -- 3.4 Chronic Toxicity -- 3.5 Nervous System Effects -- 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects -- 3.7 Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity -- 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOES FOR GD -- 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint -- 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for GD.4.3 Comparison of RfD with Toxicity Data -- 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR GD -- 6. REFERENCES CITED -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX D Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent VX -- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT VX -- DISCLAIMER -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE -- 1.2.1 Air -- 1.2.2 Water -- 1.2.3 Soil -- 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION -- 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Compounds on the Nervous System -- 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases -- 2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity -- 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- 2.2.3 Cholinesterase Inhibition by VX -- 3. TOXICOLOGY -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Acute Toxicity -- 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity -- 3.4 Chronic Toxicity -- 3.5 Nervous System Toxicity -- 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects -- 3.7 Carcinogenicity -- 3.8 Genotoxicity -- 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR VX -- 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint -- 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for VX -- 4.3 Overall Confidence in the RfD -- 4.4 Comparison of RfD with Human Toxicity Data -- 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT -- 6. REFERENCES CITED -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- APPENDIX C -- APPENDIX C -- APPENDIX D -- Appendix E Health Risk Assessment for Sulfur Mustard (HD) -- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SULFUR MUSTARD (HD) -- DISCLAIMER -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE -- 1.2.1 Air -- 1.2.2 Water -- 1.2.3 Soil -- 2 MECHANISM OF ACTION -- 3. TOXICOLOGY -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Acute Toxicity -- 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity -- 3.4 Chronic Toxicity -- 3.4.1 Human Data -- 3.4.2 Animal Studies -- 3.5 Delayed Toxicity -- 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects -- 3.7 Carcinogenicity.3.7.1 Human Data.Compass series (Washington, D.C.)Health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agentsChemical agents (Munitions)ToxicologyChemical agents (Munitions)Environmental aspectsHealth risk assessmentChemical agents (Munitions)Toxicology.Chemical agents (Munitions)Environmental aspects.Health risk assessment.615.9/51National Research Council (U.S.).Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses For Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910965711903321Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents4355402UNINA