05302nam 22005295 450 99646540690331620200630123911.00-387-34770-410.1007/BFb0040367(CKB)1000000000228159(SSID)ssj0000327587(PQKBManifestationID)11245715(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000327587(PQKBWorkID)10301553(PQKB)11752320(DE-He213)978-0-387-34770-7(PPN)155196235(EXLCZ)99100000000022815920121227d1988 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtccrVLSI Algorithms and Architectures[electronic resource] 3rd Aegean Workshop on Computing, AWOC 88. Corfu, Greece, June 28 - July 1, 1988. Proceedings /edited by John H. Reif1st ed. 1988.New York, NY :Springer New York :Imprint: Springer,1988.1 online resource (XII, 480 p.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science,0302-9743 ;319Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-387-96818-0 Parallel algorithms for evaluating sequences of set-manipulation operations -- Fast parallel and sequential algorithms for edge-coloring planar graphs -- Optimal parallel algorithms on planar graphs -- Efficient parallel triconnectivity in logarithmic time -- Subtree isomorphism is in random NC -- All graphs have cycle separators and planar directed depth-first search is in DNC -- On some languages in NC -- O(log(n)) parallel time finite field inversion -- Deterministic parallel list ranking -- Optimal parallel algorithms for expression tree evaluation and list ranking -- Optimal parallel evaluation of tree-structured computations by raking (extended abstract) -- On finding lowest common ancestors: Simplification and parallelization -- A scheduling problem arising from loop parallelization on MIMD machines -- Scheduling dags to minimize time and communication -- Computing a perfect matching in a line graph -- Separation pair detection -- Graph embeddings 1988: Recent breakthroughs, new directions -- Simulating binary trees on hypercubes -- Embedding rectangular grids into square grids -- Efficient reconfiguration of VLSI arrays -- Embedding grids into hypercubes -- Compaction on the torus -- Channel routing with short wires -- Simple three-layer channel routing algorithms -- Applying the classification theorem for finite simple groups to minimize pin count in uniform permutation architectures -- A new algorithm for wiring layouts -- Input sensitive VLSI layouts for graphs of arbitrary degree -- Fast self-reduction algorithms for combinatorial problems of VLSI design -- Regular structures and testing: RCC-adders -- Parallel simulation and test of VLSI array logic -- Universal hashing in VLSI -- Converting affine recurrence equations to quasi-uniform recurrence equations -- Better computing on the anonymous ring -- Network complexity of sorting and graph problems and simulating CRCW PRAMS by interconnection networks -- Analysis of a distributed scheduler for communication networks -- Weighted distributed match-making -- A tradeoff between information and communication in broadcast protocols -- Families of consensus algorithms -- Uniform self-stabilizing rings -- The complexity of selection resolution, conflict resolution and maximum finding on multiple access channels -- Optimal routing algorithms for mesh-connected processor arrays -- Routing and sorting on mesh-connected arrays -- Time lower bounds for parallel sorting on a mesh-connected processor array -- A correction network for N-sorters -- Cubesort: An optimal sorting algorithm for feasible parallel computers -- A 4d channel router for a two layer diagonal model.From the Foreword: "The papers in this volume were presented at the Aegean Workshop on Computing: VLSI Algorithms and Architectures (AWOC 88), organized by the Computer Technology Institute in Patras in cooperation with ACM, EATCS, IEEE and the General Secretariat of Research and Technology (Ministry of Industry, Energy & technology of Greece). They were selected from 119 abstracts submitted in response to the program committee's call for papers and to additional invitations from John Reif. AWOC 88 took place in Corfu, Greece, June 28-July 1, 1988. AWOC 88 is the third meeting in the International Workshop on Parallel Computing & VLSI series; the first meeting took place in Amalfi, Italy, 1984, and the second at Loutraki, Greece, 1986.".Lecture Notes in Computer Science,0302-9743 ;319ElectronicsMicroelectronicsElectronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentationhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T24027Electronics.Microelectronics.Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation.621.395Reif John Hedthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edtAegean Workshop on ComputingBOOK996465406903316VLSI Algorithms and Architectures2831123UNISA09290nam 2200673 a 450 991096570390332120251017110055.09786610192366978128019236412801923649780309589055030958905397805850236490585023646(CKB)110986584753434(SSID)ssj0000226782(PQKBManifestationID)11199674(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000226782(PQKBWorkID)10263416(PQKB)11696350(MiAaPQ)EBC3375990(Au-PeEL)EBL3375990(CaPaEBR)ebr10054981(OCoLC)811258876(Perlego)4738797(DNLM)813967(BIP)47128933(EXLCZ)9911098658475343419960215d1996 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrPreventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa research and data priorities for the social and behavioral sciences /Barney Cohen and James Trussell, editors ; Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press1996xi, 356 p. ill., mapsBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph9780309054805 030905480X Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-314) and index.Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- NEED FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION -- SOCIETAL CONTEXT OF HIV/AIDS IN AFRICA -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC -- SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND HIV/AIDS -- PRIMARY HIV-PREVENTION STRATEGIES -- MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF THE EPIDEMIC -- BUILDING CAPACITY FOR AIDS-RELATED RESEARCH -- CONCLUSION: THE NEED FOR BETTER BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH -- Resume -- IL FAUT AGIR SANS TARDER -- CONTEXTE SOCIETAL DU VIH/SIDA EN AFRIQUE -- EPIDEMIOLOGIE DU VIH/SIDA -- COMPORTEMENT SEXUEL ET VIH/SIDA -- STRATEGIES PREVENTIVES DE BASE CONTRE LE VIH -- L'ALLEGEMENT DE L'IMPACT DE L'EPIDEMIE -- MISE SUR PIED D'UNE CAPACITE DE RECHERCHE SUR LE SIDA -- CONCLUSION: BESOIN DE MEILLEURES RECHERCHES EN SCIENCES SOCIALES ET COMPORTEMENTALES -- 1 Introduction -- PURPOSE OF THE REPORT -- BACKGROUND -- Extent of the Epidemic -- Need for Immediate Action -- The Need for Better Behavioral and Social Science Research -- THE PANEL'S TASK -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- 2 Societal Context -- SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND FAMILY ORGANIZATION -- SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND HIV/AIDS -- MOBILITY -- Rural-Urban Migration -- Diffusion via Major Roads -- Civil Unrest and Wars -- MEDICAL AND PROGRAM FACTORS -- ECONOMIC FACTORS -- 3 Epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic -- STATUS OF THE EPIDEMIC -- HIV/AIDS Statistics -- Demographics of HIV Infection -- HIV-2 Infection -- MODES OF TRANSMISSION -- Sexual Transmission -- Risk Factors in Sexual Transmission -- HIV and STDs -- Perinatal Transmission -- Parenteral Transmission -- REMAINING GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE -- Limitations of Existing African Behavioral Data -- The Need to Combine Epidemiological and Social/Behavioral Research -- Ethical Issues in STD/HIV Research -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 Sexual Behavior and HIV/AIDS -- SOURCES OF INFORMATION.QUESTIONS OF METHODOLOGY -- The Issue of Validity -- PATTERNS OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY -- Sexual Initiation and Premarital Intercourse -- Sex Within Marriage or a Stable Union -- Extramarital and Casual Sex -- Commercial Sex -- SEX-RELATED RISK FACTORS -- High Number of Partners/Commercial Sex -- Perceived Risk -- Age -- Education -- Marital Status -- Residence -- Migration -- Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- Circumcision and Traditional Medical Practices -- Alcohol -- SEXUAL PRACTICES AND BELIEFS -- The Notion That Men Need Sex -- Coercive Sex -- Health Beliefs -- Dry Sex -- Oral/Anal Sex -- Homosexuality -- Postpartum and Other Abstinence -- Levirate Marriage -- AIDS AWARENESS -- Modes of Transmission -- Asymptomatic Transmission -- Severity and Perceived Threat -- Attitudes Toward Sufferers -- Testing -- THE ROLE OF CONDOMS -- Condom Use -- Condoms and STD and HIV Prevention -- Attitudes Toward Condoms -- BEHAVIOR CHANGE -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 Primary HIV-Prevention Strategies -- BEHAVIOR-CHANGE INTERVENTION PROGRAM DESIGN AND EVALUATION -- Guiding Principles for Behavior-Change Interventions -- INTERVENTION EVALUATION -- A TYPOLOGY OF INTERVENTION PROGRAMS -- Institution-based Programs -- Community-based Programs -- Population-based Programs -- INTERVENTIONS TARGETING SEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN -- Issues -- Target Population -- Types of Strategies and Programs -- Case Study -- Lessons Learned -- INTERVENTIONS TARGETING SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN -- Issues -- Target Population -- Types of Strategies and Programs -- Case Study: An Intervention Targeted to Commercial Sex Workers -- Case Study: A Community-based Intervention -- Lessons Learned -- INTERVENTIONS TARGETING YOUTH -- Issues -- Target Population -- Types of Strategies and Programs -- Case Study -- Lessons Learned -- PERINATAL TRANSMISSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS.ANNEX 5-1 SELECTED AIDS INTERVENTION PROGRAMS IN AFRICA -- 6 Mitigating the Impact of the Epidemic -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPACT ON PERSONS WITH HIV -- Stigmatization of the Seropositive -- Economic Hardship Due to HIV -- Care for People with AIDS -- IMPACT ON EXTENDED FAMILY MEMBERS AND FRIENDS -- Caring for Survivors: Children and the Elderly -- INDIRECT IMPACT OF AIDS ON THE REST OF SOCIETY -- Demographic Impact -- Morbidity and Mortality -- Anticipated Future Impact -- Relationship Between Seroprevalence and Mortality Rates -- Economic Impact -- HIV/AIDS and Per Capita Income Growth -- Effect of the Epidemic on Sectors of Economic Activity -- Impact of the Epidemic on Firms -- Summary -- ATTEMPTS TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS -- Intended Beneficiary -- Providers of Mitigation Assistance -- Types of Mitigation Help Being Provided -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- ANNEX 6-1: A BRIEF SURVEY OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IMPLEMENTING MITIGATION PROGRAMS IN SUB-S ... -- 7 Building Capacity for AIDS-Related Research -- INTRODUCTION -- Problem Statement -- Data Sources -- CONSTRAINTS ON RESEARCH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- Insufficient/Poorly Allocated Funds -- Inadequate Manpower -- Unintended Negative Consequences of Donor Policies -- Inadequate Coordination -- Lack of Information on Previous and Ongoing Research Efforts -- Lack of Research-Needs Assessment and Difficulty of Coordinating Funding from Multiple Sources -- Lack of Cooperation Among Donor Agencies -- Harsh Environment for Social and Behavioral Research -- Unfavorable Political Climate -- Decline of Higher-Education Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Inadequate Infrastructure -- Economic Weakness -- Weak Policy Support for the Health Sector -- Low Value Placed on Social and Behavioral Research -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References.APPENDIX A Panel Visits to Three African Countries: January 20-February 12, 1995 -- INTRODUCTION -- ZAMBIA JANUARY 23-27, 1995 -- Overview of Current HIV/AIDS Situation -- History of AIDS-Prevention Efforts -- Ongoing Prevention and Mitigation Initiatives -- Workplace Peer Education and Counseling -- Traditional Healer Component -- Programs for Orphans -- The State of Social and Behavioral Research -- TANZANIA JANUARY 30-FEBRUARY 3, 1995 -- Overview of Current HIV/AIDS Situation -- History of AIDS-Prevention Efforts -- Ongoing Prevention and Mitigation Initiatives -- Components of the Tanzania AIDS Project -- The Nongovernmental Organization Strategy -- Social and Economic Mitigation of AIDS -- The State of Social and Behavioral Research -- CAMEROON -- Overview of Current HIV/AIDS Situation -- History of AIDS-Prevention Efforts -- Ongoing Prevention and Mitigation Efforts -- Overview -- AIDSCAP -- The State of Social and Behavioral Research -- IRESCO -- FOCAP -- OVERALL THEMES -- REFERENCES -- PEOPLE CONTACTED -- Zambia -- Tanzania -- Cameroon -- APPENDIX B Biographical Sketches -- Index.The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.AIDS (Disease)Africa, Sub-SaharanAIDS (Disease)614.5/993Cohen Barney1959-1791277Trussell James1803596MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910965703903321Preventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa4351216UNINA