01532nam 2200397 a 450 991069592810332120070813153019.0(CKB)5470000002374522(OCoLC)163932061(EXLCZ)99547000000237452220070813d2007 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierMedicare Part D low-income subsidy[electronic resource] additional efforts would help Social Security improve outreach and measure program effects : report to the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate[Washington, D.C.] :U.S. Govt. Accountability Office,[2007]ii, 45 pages digital, PDF fileTitle from title screen (viewed on Aug. 6, 2007)."May 2007."Paper version available from: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 441 G St., NW, Rm. LM, Washington, D.C. 20548."GAO-07-555."Includes bibliographical references.Medicare Part D low-income subsidy Medicare beneficiariesPoorPharmaceutical assistanceUnited StatesMedicare beneficiaries.PoorPharmaceutical assistanceUnited States.Congress.Senate.Committee on Finance.GPOGPOBOOK9910695928103321Medicare Part D low-income subsidy3445480UNINA03433nam 2200673Ia 450 991096305830332120200520144314.09786613600974978128057137412805713739780300152739030015273610.12987/9780300152739(CKB)2670000000185525(StDuBDS)AH23093114(SSID)ssj0000646367(PQKBManifestationID)11432920(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000646367(PQKBWorkID)10685183(PQKB)10737052(MiAaPQ)EBC3420848(DE-B1597)484968(OCoLC)793206886(DE-B1597)9780300152739(Au-PeEL)EBL3420848(CaPaEBR)ebr10551867(CaONFJC)MIL360097(OCoLC)923598219(Perlego)1089355(EXLCZ)99267000000018552520100830d2011 uy 0engur|||||||||||txtccrIslamization from below the making of Muslim communities in rural French Sudan, 1880-1960 /Brian J. Peterson1st ed.New Haven Yale University Pressc20111 online resource (336 p.)Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph9780300152708 0300152701 Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-308) and index.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. The Wars of Samori -- 2. Reconstructing a Fragmented World -- 3. Slave Emancipation and the Expansion of Islam, 1905-1914 -- 4. Coping with Colonialism -- 5. Transforming the Village -- 6. Migrants and the Dialectics of Conversion, 1930-1960 -- 7. Changes in the Religious Landscape -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- Notes -- IndexThe colonial era in Africa, spanning less than a century, ushered in a more rapid expansion of Islam than at any time during the previous thousand years. In this groundbreaking historical investigation, Brian J. Peterson considers for the first time how and why rural peoples in West Africa "became Muslim" under French colonialism.Peterson rejects conventional interpretations that emphasize the roles of states, jihads, and elites in "converting" people, arguing instead that the expansion of Islam owed its success to the mobility of thousands of rural people who gradually, and usually peacefully, adopted the new religion on their own. Based on extensive fieldwork in villages across southern Mali (formerly French Sudan) and on archival research in West Africa and France, the book draws a detailed new portrait of grassroots, multi-generational processes of Islamization in French Sudan while also deepening our understanding of the impact and unintended consequences of colonialism.IslamMaliBougouni (Sikasso)HistoryBougouni (Sikasso, Mali)HistoryFranceColoniesAfricaReligionIslamHistory.297.096623Peterson Brian James1681321MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910963058303321Islamization from below4367137UNINA