06643oam 22013214 450 991096123330332120250426110534.09781475512014147551201597814755120071475512007(CKB)2670000000278937(EBL)1607006(SSID)ssj0000943704(PQKBManifestationID)11501247(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943704(PQKBWorkID)10978504(PQKB)10131981(Au-PeEL)EBL1607006(CaPaEBR)ebr10627158(OCoLC)870245060(IMF)WPIEE2012234(IMF)WPIEA2012234(MiAaPQ)EBC1607006WPIEA2012234(EXLCZ)99267000000027893720020129d2012 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrCentral America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic : Trade Integration and Economic Performance /Stephanie Medina Cas, Andrew Swiston, Luis Barrot1st ed.Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2012.1 online resource (41 p.)IMF Working PapersIMF working paper ;WP/12/234Description based upon print version of record.9781475512021 1475512023 9781475510843 1475510845 Includes bibliographical references.Cover; Contents; I. Introduction and Summary; II. Historical and Prospective Economic Performance; Figures; 1. Economic Growth in CAPDR; 2. Export-to-GDP Ratios, Average 1960-2009; 3. Openness and Growth; 4. Economic Size and Outward Orientation; 5. CAPDR: Exports by Destination; III. Trade Integration Agreements and Regional Initiatives; Box 1. Mesoamerican Project; 6. CAPDR: Average Effective Tariff Rates; 7. Programmed Harmonization of Tariffs under CAPDR; 8. CAPDR: Trade Logistics, Infrastructure, and Customs; IV. The Profile of CAPDR's Exports; A. Overall Exports of Goods and Services9. CAPDR: Exports to GDP10. CAPDR: Exports of Goods and Services; B. Outward Orientation Indexes; 11. Exports of Small Countries; 12. Intra-Regional Exports of Small Countries; 13. CAPDR: Assessing Outward Orientation; 14. Sophistication of Services Exports; V. Outward Orientation and Economic Performance; A. Exports Model; Tables; 1. The Determinants of Exports to GDP; B. Growth Model; 15. Exports of Small Countries; 16. Intra-Regional Exports of Small Countries; 2. The Impact of Outward Orientation on Growth; VI. Conclusions; 17. CAPDR: Effect on Growth from Improving Export StructureAppendixesI. Country Groupings, Data Definitions and Sources, and Formulas; Appendix Tables; A.1. Countries Included in the Analysis; A.2. Data Sources; II. Key Features of Multilateral Trade Agreements Involving CAPDR; III. International Trade Agreements in CAPDR; ReferencesThis paper studies the potential for the export sector to play a more important role in promoting growth in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic (CAPDR) through deeper intra-regional and global trade integration. CAPDR countries have enacted many free trade agreements and other regional integration initiatives in recent years, but this paper finds that their exports remain below the norm for countries of their size. Several indexes of outward orientation are constructed and suggest that the breadth of geographic trading relationships, depth of integration into global production chains, and degree of technological sophistication of exports in CAPDR are less conducive to higher exports and growth than in fast-growing, export-oriented economies. To boost exports and growth, CAPDR should implement policies to facilitate economic integration, particularly building a customs union, harmonizing trade rules, improving logistics and infrastructure, and enhancing regional cordination.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2012/234International tradeEconomic developmentCentral AmericaEconomic developmentPanamaEconomic developmentDominican RepublicCustoms unionsimfEconomic Growth of Open EconomiesimfEconomic IntegrationimfEconomic integrationimfEmpirical Studies of TradeimfExports and ImportsimfExportsimfFinancial Aspects of Economic IntegrationimfInternational economic integrationimfInternational economicsimfInternational Trade OrganizationsimfInternational tradeimfMacroeconomic Analyses of Economic DevelopmentimfProtectionismimfPublic finance & taxationimfRegional integrationimfService exportsimfTariffimfTariffsimfTaxationimfTaxesimfTrade PolicyimfTrade: GeneralimfUnited StatesimfInternational trade.Economic developmentEconomic developmentEconomic developmentCustoms unionsEconomic Growth of Open EconomiesEconomic IntegrationEconomic integrationEmpirical Studies of TradeExports and ImportsExportsFinancial Aspects of Economic IntegrationInternational economic integrationInternational economicsInternational Trade OrganizationsInternational tradeMacroeconomic Analyses of Economic DevelopmentProtectionismPublic finance & taxationRegional integrationService exportsTariffTariffsTaxationTaxesTrade PolicyTrade: General332.1532Medina Cas Stephanie1815925Barrot Luis1815926Swiston Andrew1815877DcWaIMFBOOK9910961233303321Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic4371549UNINA