04568nam 22005895 450 991033765630332120200704091103.03-319-94785-09783319947853(electronic bk.)10.1007/978-3-319-94785-3(CKB)4100000007110628(MiAaPQ)EBC5568401(DE-He213)978-3-319-94785-3(PPN)231462921(EXLCZ)99410000000711062820181024d2019 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierConnected Vehicles Intelligent Transportation Systems /edited by Radovan Miucic1st ed. 2019.Cham :Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Springer,2019.1 online resource (v, 272 pages)Wireless Networks,2366-11863-319-94784-2 Includes bibliographical references1 Introduction -- 2 Positioning -- 3 Human Machine Interface -- 4 A Security Credential Management System for V2X Communications -- 5 Vehicle Safety Communications Applications - Vehicle to Vehicle Communications -- 6 Vehicle to Infrastructure Communications -- 7 Cooperative Vehicle to Pedestrian Safety System -- 8 Spectrum Sharing -- 9 Efficient and High Fidelity DSRC Simulation -- 10 Applications of Connectivity in Automated Driving.This book introduces concepts and technologies of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It describes state of the art safety communication protocol called Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), currently being considered for adoption by the USDOT and automotive industry in the US. However, the principles of this book are applicable even if the underlying physical layer protocol of V2X changes in the future, e.g. V2X changes from DSRC to cellular-based connectivity. Fundamental ITS concepts include topics like global positioning system; Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P), and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communications; human-machine interface; and security and privacy. Fundamental concepts are sometimes followed by the real-life test experimental results (such as in V2P Chapter) and description of the performance metrics used to evaluate the results. This book also describes equations and math used in the development of the individual parts of the system. This book surveys current and previous publications for trending research in the ITS domain. It also covers state of the art standards that are in place for the DSRC in the US, starting from the application layer defined in SAE J2735 all the way to physical layer defined in IEEE 802.11. The authors provide a detailed discussion on what is needed to extend the current standards to accommodate future needs of the vehicle communications, such as needs for future autonomous vehicles. Programs and code examples accompany appropriate chapters, for example, after describing remote vehicle target classification function a pseudo code and description is provided. In addition, the book discusses current topics of the technology such as spectrum sharing, simulation, security, and privacy. The intended audience for this book includes engineering graduate students, automotive professionals/engineers, researchers and technology enthusiasts.Wireless Networks,2366-1186Transportation engineeringTraffic engineeringElectrical engineeringComputer networksTransportation Technology and Traffic Engineeringhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T23120Communications Engineering, Networkshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T24035Computer Communication Networkshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I13022Transportation engineering.Traffic engineering.Electrical engineering.Computer networks.Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering.Communications Engineering, Networks.Computer Communication Networks.388.31248.40EP-CLASSMiucic Radovanedthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edtBOOK9910337656303321Connected Vehicles2004596UNINA05951nam 2200709Ia 450 991095830240332120251117115713.01-280-08472-397866100847221-4175-3426-510.1596/0-8213-5841-3(CKB)111098478195400(EBL)3050718(OCoLC)495528958(SSID)ssj0000086197(PQKBManifestationID)11120737(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000086197(PQKBWorkID)10026338(PQKB)11582094(MiAaPQ)EBC3050718(Au-PeEL)EBL3050718(CaPaEBR)ebr10063421(CaONFJC)MIL8472(The World Bank)2004042078(US-djbf)13544039(BIP)46127326(EXLCZ)9911109847819540020040331d2004 uf 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierDecentralization in Madagascar1st ed.Washington, D.C. World Bank2004xii, 97 pages illustrations ;26 cmA World Bank country studyDescription based upon print version of record.0-8213-5842-1 0-8213-5841-3 Includes bibliographical references and index.TABLE OF CONTENTS; Abstract; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Executive Summary; 1. Introduction; 2. Today's Decentralization Agenda-Challenges and Institutional Determinants; The Legal Framework; Deconcentration and Decentralization; Control System; Regional Planning Bodies; Towards a More Service-oriented Administration; 3. Fiscal Framework; The Fiscal Gap; Expenditures; Revenues; Transfers; Improving Madagascar's Fiscal Framework; 4. Communes; Institutional Arrangements at the Commune Level; Measuring Commune Finance: Sample and MethodologyCommune Needs and Overall Flows of FundsCommune Revenues; Commune Expenditures; Improving Service Delivery at the Commune Level; Annexes; Annex A: Matrix of Policy Recommendations; Annex B: Distribution of Ministerial Functions; Annex C: Revenue Assignment in the 2000 and 2001 Budget; Annex D: Deconcentration of Expenditures; Annex E: The Local Financing Gap Methodology; Annex F: The Representativeness of the 232 Commune Sample; Annex G: Local Government Organigram; Annex H: Local Government Revenue Assignments; Glossary of French and Malagasy Terminology; Bibliography; TABLES2.1 Administrative Parallelism2.2 Personnel and Budget Functions in the Social Sectors; 2.3 The Control Framework; 3.1 Possible Expenditure Assignments by Level of Government; 3.2 Composition of Central Government Expenditures; 3.3 Possible Revenue Assignments by Level of Government; 3.4 Revenue Assignments in Madagascar; 3.5 Combining Objectives and Design; 3.6 Transfers to Administrative Levels (in million FMG) in 2001; 3.7 Transfers to Commune Budgets (2001); 4.1 Local Financing Gaps (US per capita and % of total needs); 4.2 Sources of Financing (US per capita)4.3 Revenue Items and Collection Mechanism4.4 Revenue Composition of Urban and Rural Communes (estimated); 4.5 Own Revenue by Recovery Mechanism; 4.6 Breakdown of Expenditures in Urban Communes and Communes in the Greater Antananarivo Area; 4.7 Breakdown of Recurrent Expenditures; 4.8 Breakdown of Investments; 4.9 Functional Classification-Overview; CHARTS; 2.1 Madagascar 's Territorial Administration; 3.1 Madagascar's Revenues in the International Context-Government Revenues as a Share of GDP (excluding grants) 19983.2 Madagascar's Revenues in the International Context-Government Revenues as a Share of GDP (excluding grants) 20013.3 Shares of Recurrent Expenditures Executed Below the Center; 3.4 Social Sector Spending by Administrative Level; 3.5 Central Government Budgetary Revenue 1998-2000 (in % of GDP); 3.6 Delay of Unconditional Transfers to Rural Communes (sample of 15 communes); 4.1 Institutional Relationships at the Local Level; 4.2 Data Sources; 4.3 Gap per Sector (US per capita); 4.4 Breakdown of Total Local Revenues; 4.5 Breakdown of Total Local Taxes; 4.6 Breakdown of User Fees4.7 Breakdown of Administrative FeesDecentralization faces many constraints in poor countries like Madagascar, however many positive lessons can be drawn from the Madagascar case which point to the potentials of the decentralization process.. As has happened in many other developing countries, particularly in Africa, Madagascar's decentralization process has seen reversals, uncertainties and lack of clarity all along. This explains why Madagascar, despite the experience with decentralization, remains a highly centralized country with only about 3-4 per cent of expenditures spent below the center and with very few prerogatives decentralized to the local level. Decentralization in Madagascar identifies some of the constraints, such as the structural centralization of public finances, weak capacity at the local level and inappropriate institutional frameworks. It argues that a lot can be gained from simplifying administrative arrangements and fiscal relationships. These recommendations are based on a detailed empirical analysis of more than 300 local governments' budgets and also applies a methodology for measuring local financing needs ("local financing gap").World Bank country study.Decentralization in governmentMadagascarBureaucracyMadagascarDecentralization in governmentBureaucracy352.2/83MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910958302403321Decentralization in Madagascar4476380UNINA