00968nam0 2200289 450 00002469220090319115803.020090319d1981----km-y0itay50------baitaITa-------001yy<<L'>>economia tedescala Germania Federale verso l'egemonia economica in EuropaS. Alessandrini ... [et al.]a cura di Vittorio ValliMilanoEtas1981273 p.graf.21 cmBiblioteca di economia82001Biblioteca di economia<<L'>>economia tedesca59364Germania occidentale <RFT>Economia1969-1980330.94318Alessandrini,SergioValli,Vittorio<1941- >ITUNIPARTHENOPE20090319RICAUNIMARC000024692053/21329NAVA22009122/67262NAVA22009Economia tedesca59364UNIPARTHENOPE05444oam 22011294 450 991078823270332120230721045625.01-4623-9111-71-4527-8641-01-4518-7041-81-282-84134-39786612841347(CKB)3170000000055083(EBL)1607966(SSID)ssj0000944161(PQKBManifestationID)11503328(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944161(PQKBWorkID)10983260(PQKB)10048888(OCoLC)761981611(MiAaPQ)EBC1607966(IMF)WPIEE2008183(EXLCZ)99317000000005508320020129d2008 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrKernel Density Estimation Based on Grouped Data : The Case of Poverty Assessment /Camelia Minoiu, Sanjay ReddyWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2008.1 online resource (36 p.)IMF Working PapersIMF working paper ;WP/08/183Description based upon print version of record.1-4519-1494-6 Includes bibliographical references.Contents; I. Motivation; II. The Data Structure and the Bias of the Estimator; III. The Bandwidth and Kernels Considered; IV. Monte Carlo Study; A. Theoretical Distributions; B. Summary Statistics, Density Estimates and Diagrams; C. Poverty Estimates; V. Country Studies; VI. Global Poverty; VII. Conclusions; References; Appendix; Appendix Figures; 1. Distributions used in Monte Carlo analysis; 2. Bias of KDE-based density (log-normal distribution); Appendix Tables; 1. Summary statistics from KDE-based sample; 3. Bias of estimated density (multimodal distribution)4. Bias of estimated density (Dagum distribution)2. Bias of poverty measures (Low and High Poverty Lines); 5. Bias in the poverty headcount ratio versus location of poverty line; 3. Bias of poverty measures (Triweight kernel, Poverty line: 0.25 x median); 4. Bias of poverty measures (Hybrid bandwidth, Poverty line: 0.5 x median); 5. Bias of poverty measures (Epanechnikov kernel, Silverman bandwidth); 6. Bias of poverty measures (Gaussian kernel, Poverty line: Capability); 6. Survey-based and grouped data KDE-based density estimates; 7. Global poverty rates (% poor)8. Global poverty counts (millions)We analyze the performance of kernel density methods applied to grouped data to estimate poverty (as applied in Sala-i-Martin, 2006, QJE). Using Monte Carlo simulations and household surveys, we find that the technique gives rise to biases in poverty estimates, the sign and magnitude of which vary with the bandwidth, the kernel, the number of datapoints, and across poverty lines. Depending on the chosen bandwidth, the $1/day poverty rate in 2000 varies by a factor of 1.8, while the $2/day headcount in 2000 varies by 287 million people. Our findings challenge the validity and robustness of poverty estimates derived through kernel density estimation on grouped data.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2008/183PovertyMeasurementIncome distributionEconometric modelsKernel functionsEconometricsimfMacroeconomicsimfDemographyimfPoverty and HomelessnessimfWelfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: GeneralimfPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their DistributionsimfAggregate Factor Income DistributionimfDemographic Economics: GeneralimfEstimationimfPoverty & precarityimfPopulation & demographyimfEconometrics & economic statisticsimfPovertyimfPersonal incomeimfIncome distributionimfPopulation and demographicsimfEstimation techniquesimfIncomeimfPopulationimfEconometric modelsimfNicaraguaimfPovertyMeasurement.Income distributionEconometric models.Kernel functions.EconometricsMacroeconomicsDemographyPoverty and HomelessnessWelfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: GeneralPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their DistributionsAggregate Factor Income DistributionDemographic Economics: GeneralEstimationPoverty & precarityPopulation & demographyEconometrics & economic statisticsPovertyPersonal incomeIncome distributionPopulation and demographicsEstimation techniquesIncomePopulationEconometric models339.46Minoiu Camelia874355Reddy Sanjay602369DcWaIMFBOOK9910788232703321Kernel Density Estimation Based on Grouped Data3704156UNINA03705nam 2200757 a 450 991095780280332120240514031849.097866132804739781283280471128328047797890272846799027284679(CKB)2550000000048483(EBL)769697(OCoLC)753480179(SSID)ssj0000534843(PQKBManifestationID)12166966(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000534843(PQKBWorkID)10512198(PQKB)11681036(MiAaPQ)EBC769697(Au-PeEL)EBL769697(CaPaEBR)ebr10500258(CaONFJC)MIL328047(DE-B1597)721521(DE-B1597)9789027284679(EXLCZ)99255000000004848320110620d2011 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrCase-marking in contact the development and function of case morphology in Gurindji Kriol /Felicity Meakins1st ed.Amsterdam ;Philadelphia John Benjamins Pub. Co.20111 online resource (334 p.)Creole language library,0920-9026 ;v. 39Description based upon print version of record.9789027252616 9027252610 Includes bibliographical references and index.Case-Marking in Contact; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Dedication page; Table of contents; List of figures; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2.The socio-political origins and setting of Gurindji Kriol; Chapter 3.The effect of language contact on inflectional morphology; Chapter 4.Code-switching origins; Chapter 5.The Transition from code-switching to a mixed language; Chapter 6.Attributive possessive constructions in Gurindji Kriol; Chapter 7.Topological relations in Gurindji Kriol; Chapter 8.Goal constructions in Gurindji KriolChapter 9.Argument marking in Gurindji KriolChapter 10.Conclusion; Appendix 1. 200 word list; Appendix 2. Consistency in the expression of an event; Appendix 3. Sample of glossed Gurindji Kriol texts; Appendix 4. Statistical output; References; IndexUntil recently, mixed languages were considered an oddity of contact linguistics, with debates about whether or not they actually existed stifling much descriptive work or discussion of their origins. These debates have shifted from questioning their existence to a focus on their formation, and their social and structural features. This book aims to advance our understanding of how mixed languages evolve by introducing a substantial corpus from a newly-described mixed language, Gurindji Kriol. Gurindji Kriol is spoken by the Gurindji people who live at Kalkaringi in northern Australia and is tCreole language library ;v. 39.Kriol languageCaseKriol languageMorphologyGurindji languageCaseGurindji languageMorphologyCode switching (Linguistics)Kriol languageCase.Kriol languageMorphology.Gurindji languageCase.Gurindji languageMorphology.Code switching (Linguistics)499/.15EE 1820SEPArvkMeakins Felicity1199926MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910957802803321Case-marking in contact4345304UNINA