08184nam 22006253 450 991091578400332120240407090435.097807503409390750340932(MiAaPQ)EBC31252878(Au-PeEL)EBL31252878(CKB)31356154400041(Exl-AI)31252878(EXLCZ)993135615440004120240407d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierCommercialising Fusion Energy How Small Businesses Are Transforming Big Science1st ed.Bristol :Institute of Physics Publishing,2021.©2020.1 online resource (246 pages)IOP Ebooks Series9780750327206 0750327200 Intro -- Preface -- Editor biographies -- William J Nuttall -- Satoshi Konishi -- Shutaro Takeda -- David Webbe-Wood -- List of contributors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 What is nuclear fusion? -- 1.3 Purpose and structure of this book -- References -- Chapter -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Three key conceptual spaces for fusion reactors: MCF, ICF and MIF -- 2.2.1 Magnetic confinement fusion -- 2.2.2 Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) -- 2.2.3 Magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) -- 2.3 Concept-specific engineering challenges for MCF, ICF and MIF -- 2.3.1 Plasma production and control -- 2.3.2 Fuelling and exhaust systems -- 2.3.3 Diagnostics -- 2.4 Summary -- Supplementary Tables -- References -- Chapter 3 Considerations for commercialization strategies for fusion energy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Background -- 3.1.2 Content of this chapter -- 3.2 Future market -- 3.2.1 Energy demand forecasts -- 3.2.2 The role of nuclear fusion in climate change mitigations -- 3.2.3 Future market for fusion energy systems -- 3.3 Commercialization pathways -- 3.3.1 Four commercialization pathways -- 3.3.2 The benefits and the risks of spinoff businesses -- 3.3.3 Technology readiness level -- 3.3.4 Investment strategies for fusion enterprises -- 3.4 Fusion power core design methodology -- 3.5 Constraints -- 3.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4 Funding and financing commercial fusion power plants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Possible sources of funding -- 4.2.1 Provision of funds by a commercial operator -- 4.2.2 Funds provided by a bank or similar investor -- 4.2.3 Funding provided by government -- 4.2.4 Funds provided by the consumer -- 4.3 Sources of income -- 4.3.1 Income from sale of electricity -- 4.3.2 Income from other uses of the energy -- 4.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter.5.1 The case for fusion energy -- 5.2 The Tokamak Energy approach-spherical tokamaks and high temperature superconductors -- 5.3 The combination of spherical tokamaks and high temperature superconductors -- 5.4 Progress so far -- 5.5 Future plans and business overview -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Laser fusion CANDY GPI/Hamamatsu -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Laser fusion activities in the world -- 6.2.1 How the laser fusion reactor generates power -- 6.2.2 Laser fusion activities and trends -- 6.3 Laser fusion activities in Hamamatsu -- 6.3.1 Why laser fusion in Hamamatsu? -- 6.3.2 Strategy of GPI -- 6.4 Laser fusion mini-reactor CANDY -- 6.4.1 Concept of CANDY -- 6.4.2 Laser technology -- 6.4.3 Plasma fuel physics -- 6.4.4 Target injection -- 6.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Pioneers of commercial fusion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Private investment in fusion -- 7.2.1 Private investment into clean energy technology -- 7.2.2 Private investment in fusion: same but different -- 7.3 Private fusion companies -- 7.3.1 TAE Technologies -- 7.3.2 General Fusion -- 7.3.3 Lawrenceville Plasma Physics -- 7.3.4 MIFTI Fusion -- 7.3.5 First Light Fusion Ltd -- 7.3.6 Proton Scientific Inc. -- 7.3.7 Helion Energy -- 7.3.8 Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works -- 7.3.9 CTFusion -- 7.3.10 Agni Fusion -- 7.3.11 Commonwealth Fusion Systems -- 7.3.12 Compact Fusion Systems -- 7.3.13 Hyperjet Fusion -- 7.3.14 HB11 Energy -- 7.3.15 ZaP Energy -- 7.3.16 Marvel Fusion -- 7.3.17 Renaissance Fusion -- 7.4 Discussion: the prospect of private fusion success -- References -- Chapter -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Three components towards fusion commercialization -- 8.3 The role of private fusion companies -- 8.4 STEP-spherical tokamak for energy production -- 8.5 Fusion power from a spherical tokamak plasma.8.6 Technical risks to commercial viability of a spherical tokamak -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 DEMO design activities and helical initiatives in Japan -- 9.1 Japan's policy on fusion research and development -- 9.2 Status of tokamak DEMO design in Japan -- 9.3 Helical reactor design as alternatives -- 9.4 Issues towards commercialization -- References -- Chapter -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Engineering challenges to commercial fusion -- 10.2.1 Fusion reactor materials -- 10.2.2 Blankets for tritium breeding and power generation -- 10.2.3 Tritium handling systems -- 10.2.4 Waste management and remote handling -- 10.2.5 Balance of plant systems -- 10.3 Fusion innovation -- 10.3.1 Seeking successful fusion innovation -- 10.3.2 Commercial drivers for fusion -- 10.3.3 An innovation strategy for cooperative public and private sector fusion development -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Commercial opportunities for nuclear fusion -- 11.1 Introduction and historical origins -- 11.1.1 Fusion energy ambitions live in the shadow of nuclear fission success-1960s and 1970s -- 11.1.2 Atomic energy-the allure of electricity -- 11.1.3 Fusion follows fission's footsteps -- 11.2 Civil fusion's first success -- 11.3 The painful story of 'cold fusion' -- 11.4 Looking ahead: fusion's potential commercial attributes -- 11.5 Fusion can do better than electricity generation -- 11.6 The importance of net-zero and deep decarbonization -- 11.7 Non-electricity commercialization -- 11.7.1 Process heat applications -- 11.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 Fusion energy and carbon management -- 12.1 Fusion and carbon-based chemistry -- 12.2 Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass -- 12.3 Market for biofuel -- 12.4 Electricity generation by SOFC -- 12.5 Effect of subsidy -- 12.6 Fusion charcoal production.12.7 Market in carbon credits -- 12.8 Economic analyses of CCS -- 12.9 Carbon credit trading -- 12.10 Biomass feedstock and supply chain -- 12.10.1 Residential garbage and its collection -- 12.10.2 Agricultural by-products and their characteristics -- 12.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13 Conclusions -- References -- Index.This edited book provides an overview of the commercialisation of fusion energy technology, giving emphasis to the emerging role of private sector entities. The editors believe there is a need for a good overview of a complex phenomenon that has the potential to transform fusion energy research after decades of leadership by governmental and inter-governmental efforts. The book addresses not only the science and technology of fusion commercialisation, but also the associated innovation management.IOP Ebooks SeriesNuclear fusionGenerated by AIEnergy developmentGenerated by AINuclear fusion.Energy development.Nuttall William1779720Webbe-Wood David1779721Konishi Satoshi1779722Takeda Shutaro1779723Pearson Richard J304176Gonzalez de Vicente Sehila M1779724Windridge Melanie1779725Mori Yoshitaka512306Wilson Howard21778Chapman Ian1779726MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910915784003321Commercialising Fusion Energy4303282UNINA