10444nam 22004213 450 991087898400332120240806080308.09783031624919(electronic bk.)9783031624902(MiAaPQ)EBC31579780(Au-PeEL)EBL31579780(CKB)33645285600041(EXLCZ)993364528560004120240806d2024 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierObesity Clinical, Surgical and Practical Guide2nd ed.Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,2024.©2024.1 online resource (292 pages)Print version: Ahmad, Shamim I. Obesity Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 9783031624902 Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Introduction to Obesity -- 1 Introduction and Impact of Obesity -- Abstract -- What is Obesity? and Its Impacts -- Epidemiology -- Impact on Health, Morbidity, and Quality of Life -- Impact on Individual -- Cost Impact of Obesity -- Conclusion -- References -- Diseases Associated with Obesity -- 2 The Obese Brain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Brain Structure and Body Weight Regulation -- The Hypothalamus: The Maestro of Food Intake Regulation -- Contribution of Other Brain Regions to Food Intake Regulation -- Neurotransmitters and Hormones Involved in Food Intake Regulation -- Gut Hormones: Hunger and Satiety Signals -- Long-Term Energy Balance: Leptin and Insulin -- Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Neurotransmitters -- Obesity Disrupts the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure -- Disruption of Hormonal and Neurotransmitter Signaling in Obesity -- Ghrelin Dysregulation -- Leptin Resistance -- Insulin Resistance -- Alterations in Gut Hormones and Neurotransmitters -- Brain Imaging and Brain Function in Obesity -- Brain Imaging in Obesity Research -- Findings from Brain Imaging Studies in Obesity -- Brain Insulin Resistance and Its Impact in Brain Function -- Altered Brain Activity and Connectivity -- Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment -- Additional Altered brain Functions in Obesity: Sleep and Mental Health -- Sleep Disturbances and Obesity: A Bidirectional Relationship -- Obesity and Mental Health: A Complex Interplay -- Therapeutic Approaches for Obesity -- Lifestyle Changes -- Bariatric Surgery -- Anti-obesity Medications -- Phentermine-Topiramate -- Buproprion-Naltrexone -- Orlistat -- The Era of the Peptides: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists -- Liraglutide -- Semaglutide 2.4mg -- Emerging Medications for Obesity.The Future of Treating Obesity: Personalized Medicine and Gene Therapy -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Obesity and Inflammation Lead to Insulin Resistance and Cancer-A Systematic Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Adipose Tissue and Adipokines -- A Major Factor in Obesity and Inflammatory Disorders -- Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus -- Obesity and Cancer Risk -- Obesity, Breast Cancer (BC) Risk, and Insulin Resistance -- Linkage of Obesity-susceptibility Genes with Breast Cancer (BC) Risk -- Obesity and Colorectal Cancer Risk (CRC) -- Obesity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk -- Obesity and Prostate Cancer (PC) Risk -- Obesity and Other Cancer Risk -- Genetic Association of Obesity with Colorectal, Liver, Prostate, and Other Cancer Risk -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Obesity-Induced Leptin-Signaling Pathways to Gynecologic Cancers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Leptin in Ovarian Cancer -- I. Role of Estrogen on Leptin Function in Ovarian Cancer -- In Vitro Studies of Leptin in Ovarian Cancer -- Leptin-Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Cancer -- Leptin in Endometrial Cancer -- Leptin-Signaling Pathway in Endometrial cancer. -- Obesity-Induced Angiogenic Pathway in Endometrial Cancer -- Obesity-Induced Inflammatory Pathways in Endometrial Cancer -- Conclusion -- Disclosure -- References -- 5 Obesity and Hypertension -- Abstract -- Obesity: The Size of the Problem -- Obesity and Hypertension: Relationship and Mechanisms -- Sympathetic Nervous System and Reflex Mechanisms -- Renal and Adrenal -- Endothelium and Oxidative Stress -- Metabolic Factors -- Inflammatory and Immune Systems -- Target Organ Damage -- Vascular Alterations -- Cardiac Remodeling -- Kidney Disease -- Obesity and Obesity-Related Hypertension: Management and Therapy -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References.6 Association Between Obesity in Women, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Adverse Obstetric Outcome -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Obese PCOS and the Impacts on the Menstrual Cycle -- Obesity, PCOS, and Infertility -- First Months of Pregnancy -- Second and Third-Trimester Complications -- Pregnancy Outcomes -- Complications in the Offspring -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 The Impact of Hyperandrogenism in Female Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -- Abstract -- Introduction -- PCOS, Metabolic Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Disease -- Androgenic Status, Cardiometabolic Disease, and Phenotypic Subgroup of PCOS -- Association Between Female Obesity and Hyperandrogenism -- Effects of Hyperandrogenism on Female Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk -- Management of Hyperandrogenism Associated with Female Obesity -- Effects of Weight Loss and Lifestyle Changes on Androgen Levels in Women -- Effects of Treatment of Hyperandrogenism on Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Women -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases or Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease-Which Is More Comprehensive When Associated with Obesity? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of NAFLD and MAFLD -- Associated Comorbidities -- Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- Mortality -- Conclusion -- References -- Treatment of Obesity: Clinical, Surgical and Physical Activities -- 9 Airway Management in Obese Patients -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Anatomy and Physiology of the Obese Patient -- Preanesthetic Evaluation -- Airway Approach -- Pharmacology -- Emergence from Anesthesia -- Conclusion -- References -- 10 Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome -- Abstract -- Metabolic Syndrome -- Concept, Diagnosis, and Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology, Diet, and Biomarkers -- Vitamin D.Chemical Form, Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency -- Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome -- Evidence from Clinical Studies -- Nutritional Genomics, Vitamin D, and Metabolic Syndrome -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Bariatric Surgery in Class 1 Obesity -- Abstract -- Introduction: A Historical Perspective -- Comorbidities in Class 1 Obese -- Probable Longevity Benefit in Class 1 Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery -- Current Indication for Surgery in Class 1 Obesity -- Surgery in Class 1 Obese -- Complications After Surgery in Class 1 Obese -- Resolution of Comorbidities After Surgery in Class 1 Obese -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Neurosurgical Considerations for the Obese Patient -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Preoperative Considerations -- Anaesthetic Management -- Airway Management -- Intraoperative Considerations -- Postoperative Management -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 The Physical Activities in Obesity -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Effects of Exercise on Body Composition -- Daily Physical Activity and Obesity -- Effects of Physical Activity on Obesity -- NEAT -- Energy Balance and NEAT -- Future Perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- Controls of Obesity -- 14 The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Obesity and Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Search Strategy -- Eligibility Criteria -- Data Extraction -- Quality Assessment -- Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Study Characteristics -- Meta-Analysis Results -- Subgroups Analysis -- Meta-Regression -- Sensitivity Analysis -- Publication Bias -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Anti-obesity Effects of Anti-inflammatory Polyphenols -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Obesity Associated Inflammation -- Anti-inflammatory Effects of Polyphenols on Obesity.Flavanols -- Flavonols -- Anthocyanidins -- Stilbens -- Flavones -- Flavanones -- Hydroxybenzoic Acids -- Hydroxycinnamic Acids -- Isoflavones -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 The Truth About the Influence of Endocrine Disruptors on Obesity: What Can Be Done? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Obesogens: Investigations to the Status Quo and Clinical Recommendations. What to Expect from the Future and What Can We Do? -- Chemical Hazards -- Sugars and Sweeteners -- Dyes -- Stabilizers -- Contaminants -- Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- Bisphenol-A (BPA) -- Phthalates -- Atrazine -- Organotins -- PFAS -- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) -- SDS -- Flame Retardants -- But What Is Known About the Mechanism of Action of These Xenobiotics? -- Some Limitations in Genetic Studies with Obesogens -- The Role of Physical Activity in the Modulation of Obesogens -- Conclusion -- References -- Genetics of Obesity -- 17 Genetic Variants Connected to the Obesity -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Inherited Factors of Obesity -- Genetic Etiology of Obesity -- Monogenic Obesity -- Syndromic Obesity -- Polygenic Obesity -- Candidate Genes Studies -- Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) -- Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO Gene) -- Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) -- SH2B Adaptor Protein 1 (SH2B1) -- Transmembrane Protein 18 (TMEM18) -- Neuronal Growth Regulator 1 (NEGR1) -- Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain Containing 15 (KCTD15) -- Copy Number Variants (CNV) -- Epigenetic Modifications Linked to Obesity -- Conclusion -- References -- COVID-19 and Obesity -- 18 COVID-19 and the Role of Chronic Inflammation in Patients with Obesity -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Obesity and Chronic Inflammation -- COVID-19 -- Obesity, COVID-19 and the Cytokine Storm -- The Role of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery and COVID-19 -- Conclusion -- References -- Psychosocial Aspects of Obesity.19 Psychological Intervention in Childhood Obesity.Ahmad Shamim I150103MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQ9910878984003321Obesity4205110UNINA