10762nam 22004573 450 991086418910332120240526090246.03-031-53174-4(MiAaPQ)EBC31353458(Au-PeEL)EBL31353458(CKB)32142952700041(EXLCZ)993214295270004120240526d2024 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierEnglish for Academic Research2nd ed.Cham :Springer,2024.©2024.1 online resource (264 pages)English for Academic Research Series3-031-53173-6 Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1:: Punctuation and spelling -- 1.1 commas: reducing number of -- 1.2 commas: adding -- 1.3 semicolons: replacing -- 1.4 brackets: removing -- 1.5 hyphens: adding -- 1.6 hyphens: deciding where needed -- 1.7 initial capitalization: in titles -- 1.8 initial capitalization: in main text -- 1.9 various punctuation issues: 1 -- 1.10 various punctuation issues: 2 -- 1.11 spelling -- Chapter 2:: Word order -- 2.1 choosing the best subject to put at the beginning of the phrase -- 2.2 putting the key words first -- 2.3 avoiding beginning the sentence with it is: 1 -- 2.4 avoiding beginning the sentence with it is: 2 -- 2.5 choosing the best word order to help the reader: 1 -- 2.6 choosing the best word order to help the reader: 2 -- 2.7 choosing the best word order to help the reader: 3 -- 2.8 shifting the parts of the phrase to achieve optimal order: 1 -- 2.9 shifting the parts of the phrase to achieve optimal order: 2 -- 2.10 shifting the parts of the phrase to achieve optimal order: 3 -- 2.11 shifting the parts of the phrase to achieve optimal order: 4 -- 2.12 reducing the number of commas and parts of the sentence -- 2.13 putting sentences into the correct order -- 2.14 typical mistakes -- Chapter 3:: Writing short sentences and paragraphs -- 3.1 dividing up long sentences: 1 -- 3.2 dividing up long sentences: 2 -- 3.3 dividing up long paragraphs 1 -- 3.4 dividing up long paragraphs 2 -- 3.5 dividing up long paragraphs 3 -- 3.6 dividing up long paragraphs 4 -- 3.7 putting paragraphs into their most logical order -- 3.8 writing short sentences: 1 -- 3.9 writing short sentences: 2 -- 3.10 writing short sentences: 3 -- Chapter 4:: Link words: connecting phrases and sentences together -- 4.1 linking sentences and paragraphs -- 4.2 deleting unnecessary link words -- 4.3 deciding when link words are necessary.4.4 choosing best link word -- 4.5 reducing the length of link words / phrases -- 4.6 shifting the position of link words expressing consequences -- 4.7 using link words to give additional neutral information -- 4.8 using link words to give additional positive information -- 4.9 using link words to give additional negative information -- 4.10 making contrasts -- 4.11 making evaluations -- 4.12 connecting sentences by repetition of key word or a derivation of the key word -- 4.13 describing processes -- 4.14 describing causes -- 4.15 describing effects and consequences -- 4.16 making contrasts, concessions, qualifications, reservations, rejections -- 4.17 outlining solutions to problems -- 4.18 outlining a time sequence -- 4.19 explaining figures and tables: making comparisons -- 4.20 making evaluations and drawing conclusions: 1 -- 4.21 making evaluations and drawing conclusions: 2 -- Chapter 5:: Being concise and removing redundancy -- 5.1 removing individual redundant words -- 5.2 removing several redundant words: 1 -- 5.3 removing several redundant words: 2 -- 5.4 reducing the word count: titles -- 5.5 replacing several words with one preposition or adverb -- 5.6 replacing several words with one adverb -- 5.7 replacing several words with one word -- 5.8 replacing a verb + noun construction with a single verb: 1 -- 5.9 identifying verb and noun clauses -- 5.10 replacing a verb + noun construction with a single verb: 2 -- 5.11 replacing a noun phrase with a verb or can: 1 -- 5.12 replacing a noun phrase with a verb or can: 2 -- 5.13 replacing nouns with verbs in titles of papers -- 5.14 identifying whether link words could be deleted -- 5.15 deleting unnecessary link words: 1 -- 5.16 deleting unnecessary link words: 2 -- 5.17 deleting unnecessary link words: 3 -- 5.18 unnecessary use of we and one: 1 -- 5.19 unnecessary use of we and one: 2.5.20 avoiding redundancy in introductory phrases -- 5.21 avoiding redundancy in references to figures, tables etc. -- 5.22 rewriting unnecessarily long sentences: 1 -- 5.23 rewriting unnecessarily long sentences: 2 -- 5.24 rewriting unnecessarily long sentences: 3 -- 5.25 reducing length of an abstract -- 5.26 reducing length of an introduction -- 5.27 reducing the length of the outline of the structure -- 5.28 reducing the length of the review of the literature: 1 -- 5.29 reducing the length of the review of the literature: 2 -- 5.30 reducing the length of the materials and methods -- 5.31 reducing the length of the conclusions section -- 5.32 reducing the length of the acknowledgements -- Chapter 6:: Ambiguity and political correctness -- 6.1 repetition of words to aid reader's understanding: 1 -- 6.2 repetition of words to aid reader's understanding: 2 -- 6.3 avoiding ambiguity due to use of -ing form: 1 -- 6.4 avoiding ambiguity due to use of -ing form: 2 -- 6.5 disambiguating sentences: 1 -- 6.6 disambiguating sentences: 2 -- 6.7 pronouns and political correctness -- 6.8 non-use of masculine terms for generic situations: 1 -- 6.9 non-use of masculine terms for generic situations: 2 -- 6.10 non-use of masculine terms for generic situations: 3 -- Chapter 7:: Paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism -- 7.1 deciding what is acceptable to cut and paste -- 7.2 quoting statistics -- 7.3 paraphrasing by changing the parts of speech -- 7.4 paraphrasing by changing nouns into verbs -- 7.5 paraphrasing by changing the parts of speech and word order: 1 -- 7.6 paraphrasing by changing the parts of speech and word order: 2 -- 7.7 finding synonyms: verbs 1 -- 7.8 finding synonyms: verbs 2 -- 7.9 finding synonyms: verbs 3 -- 7.10 finding synonyms: nouns 1 -- 7.11 finding synonyms: nouns 2 -- 7.12 finding synonyms: adjectives.7.13 finding synonyms: adverbs and prepositions 1 -- 7.14 finding synonyms: adverbs and prepositions 2 -- 7.15 paraphrasing by changing word order -- 7.16 replacing we with the passive form -- 7.17 making a summary: 1 -- 7.18 making a summary: 2 -- 7.19 making a summary: 3 -- 7.20 making a summary: 4 -- Chapter 8:: Defining, comparing, evaluating and highlighting -- 8.1 writing definitions 1 -- 8.2 writing definitions 2 -- 8.3 writing definitions 3 -- 8.4 making generalizations -- 8.5 confirming other authors' evidence -- 8.6 stating how a finding is important -- 8.7 highlighting why your method, findings, results etc. are important -- 8.8 highlighting your findings -- 8.9 comparing the literature -- 8.10 comparing contrasting views -- 8.11 comparing your methodology with other authors' methodologies -- 8.12 comparing data in a table -- 8.13 questioning current thinking -- 8.14 evaluating solutions -- Chapter 9:: Anticipating possible objections, indicating level of certainty, discussing limitations, hedging, future work -- 9.1 anticipating objections and alternative views -- 9.2 indicating level of certainty 1 -- 9.3 indicating level of certainty 2 -- 9.4 reducing level of certainty -- 9.5 discussing the limitations of the current state of the art -- 9.6 qualifying what you say -- 9.7 dealing with limitations in your own results: 1 -- 9.8 dealing with limitations in your own results: 2 -- 9.9 dealing with limitations in your own results: 3 -- 9.10 toning down the strength of an affirmation: 1 -- 9.11 toning down the strength of an affirmation: 2 -- 9.12 toning down the strength of an affirmation: 3 -- 9.13 toning down the strength of an affirmation: 4 -- 9.14 direct versus hedged statements 1 -- 9.15 direct versus hedged statements 2 -- 9.16 discussing possible applications and future work -- Chapter 10:: Writing each section of a paper.10.1 abstracts -- 10.2 introductions -- 10.3 creating variety when outlining the structure of the paper -- 10.4 outlining the structure of the paper -- 10.5 survey of the literature -- 10.6 methodology / experimental -- 10.7 results -- 10.8 discussion: 1 -- 10.9 discussion: 2 -- 10.10 differentiating between the abstract and the conclusions: 1 -- 10.11 differentiating between the abstract and the conclusions: 2 -- 10.12 conclusions: 1 -- 10.13 conclusions: 2 -- 10.14 acknowledgements: 1 -- 10.15 acknowledgements: 2 -- Chapter 11:: Using AI as an aid for writing papers -- 11.1 How do YOU use AI? -- 11.2 Titles -- 11.3 Abstracts: writing clearly -- 11.4 Structured abstracts -- 11.5 Converting a one-paragraph abstract into a structured abstract -- 11.6 Conclusions -- 11.7 Converting a personal style into to an impersonal style -- 11.8 Using AI paraphrasing tools -- KEYS TO EXERCISES -- Chapter 12:: Using AI for writing emails and  presentation scripts -- 12.1 Using chatbots to generate emails -- 12.2 An email criticizing a colleague's work -- 12.3 Generating emails based on prompts -- 12.4 Writing a motivational letter: part 1 -- 12.5 Writing a motivational letter: part 2 -- 12.6 Using a chatbot to generate a presentation scripts -- 12.7 Using a chatbot to generate a script to accompany your presentation slides -- KEYS TO EXERCISES -- Chapter 13:: Machine translation -- 13.1 Thinking about your own language -- 13.2 Testing out machine translation (MT) -- 13.3 Pre-editing: working on your own language before using machine translation (MT) -- 13.4 Write in your own language using a machine-translation friendly style -- 13.5 Overcoming some of the pitfalls of machine translation -- 13.6 Comparing the quality of different machine translators -- 13.7 Using machine translation to write a script for a presentation -- KEYS TO EXERCISES -- About this book.The English for Academic Research series.English for Academic Research Series808.0428Wallwork Adrian730806MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910864189103321English for Academic Research4166397UNINA