11517oam 2200625 a 450 991086085110332120240513095929.01-00-302344-41-000-09176-71-003-02344-41-000-09170-8(CKB)4100000011362223(MiAaPQ)EBC6268661(OCoLC)1150869415(OCoLC)1191048886(OCoLC-P)1150869415(FlBoTFG)9781003023449(EXLCZ)99410000001136222320200331h20212021 my 0engur|||||||||||txtrdacontent.crdamedia.crrdacarrier.Waiting for the end of the world new perspectives on natural disasters in Medieval Europe /edited by Christopher M. Gerrard, Paolo Forlin and Peter J. Brown1st ed.Abingdon, Oxon ;New York, NY :Routledge,2021.©20211 online resource (xvii, 432 pages.) illustrationsSociety for Medieval Archaeology ;430-367-50948-2 0-367-90263-X Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures and plates -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Researching natural disasters in the later Middle Ages -- Background -- Medieval disasters and archaeology -- Disasters in the middle ages -- Conclusions -- References -- Part I Tectonic hazards -- Chapter 2 Rituals of resilience: The interpretative archaeology of post-seismic recovery in medieval Europe -- Adaptation and resilience to medieval seismic disasters -- The archaeological evidence for human victims -- The holy host, the corpus christi and the symbology of the survivors -- Wells in the seismic aftermath -- Wall-ties and lilies: integrating technological and divine protection -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Medieval earthquakes in Italy: Perceptions and reactions -- Contemporary reactions to earthquakes in medieval Italy -- The impact of seismic events -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4 Seismic adaptation in the Latin churches of Cyprus -- Background -- The survival of churches -- Scholars in the past -- The shaking earth -- Structural responses -- Accretion of structure -- Centralized plan: Alignment of the centres of mass and rigidity -- Supported flanks -- Side chapels -- Flying buttresses -- Support of superstructure -- Two-storey elevations -- Openings for doors and windows -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 Architectural heritage and ancient earthquakes in Italy: The constraints and potential of archaeoseismological research applied to medieval buildings -- The church of santi vittore e corona -- The architectural evolution of the complex -- Validating the seismic origin of a damage pattern -- Dating seismic events and comparisons with seismic catalogues.Archaeoseismological research in the Mugello district, florence -- The research -- Archaeoseismological results from the Mugello case studies -- A chrono-typological atlas of seismic protection systems in the Mugello district -- Traces of an unknown earthquake of the mid-13th century -- Archaeoseismological research in architectural contexts -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Medieval tsunamis in the Mediterranean and Atlantic: Towards an archaeological perspective -- What is a tsunami? -- European tsunamis in brief -- Archaeological and geological signatures -- The 'draw down' -- The 'swash' and sediment sheets -- 'Trimlines' and the 'backwash' -- Megaclasts -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Volcanic eruptions and historical landscape on Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain -- Background -- History of study -- Historical archaeology and volcanoes -- Sources and methods of investigation on lanzarote -- Archaeological prospection -- Reconstructing the pre-18th century landscape -- Settlements -- Landscapes -- Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8 'The harvest of despair': Catastrophic fear and the understanding of risk in the shadow of Mount Etna, Italy -- The philosophy of emotion -- The philosophy of fear -- The philosophy of risk -- In the shadow of disaster: the interaction of fear and risk -- Notes -- References -- Part II Severe storms and hydrological hazards -- Chapter 9 Mitigating riverine flood risk in medieval England -- Communicating flood risk -- Benign and malignant rivers -- Place-names of significant settlements in the floodplain -- Wet field-names and minor landscape names -- Managing flood -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- Manuscript sources -- References.Chapter 10 Tide and trauma: Tangible and intangible impacts of the storms of 1287 and 1288 -- The storms of 1287 and 1288 -- The aftermath -- Intangible impacts -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 11 Disaster or everyday risk?: Perceiving, managing and commemorating floods in medieval central Europe -- General considerations -- The 'millennium flood' of 1501 -- Floods on the traun river (Upper Austria), 14th to 16th centuries -- The ice flood of 1573 in krems (Lower Austria) -- Socio-economic and cultural responses to historic floods -- References -- Chapter 12 Recovering from catastrophe: How medieval society in England coped with disasters -- Desertion of villages -- The aftermath of the great famine in worcestershire -- The severn estuary flood of 1483 -- The 'great fire' of shipston of 1478 -- Responses to disaster in general -- Changes in the long term -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 13 Fear, matter and miracles: Personal protection and coping with disasters through material culture c1200-1600 -- Fear and disasters -- Invocation of saints -- Cultic coins and concealed deposits -- Social control and the body of christ -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part III Biophysical hazards -- Chapter 14 Digging up the victims of the Black Death: A bioarchaeological perspective on the second plague pandemic -- Identifying plague victims in the archaeological record -- Insights from the anthropological study of skeletal remains of plague victims -- Demographic composition of plague cemeteries -- Plague mortality with respect to pre-existing health -- Burial treatment of plague victims -- Future directions in the bioarchaeology of plague -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 15 Preserving the ordinary: Social resistance during the second pandemic plagues in the Low Countries.Plague and resistance in the late medieval and early-modern low countries -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 16 Reconstructing the impact of 14th-century demographic disasters on late medieval rural communities in England -- The impact of 14th-century demographic turbulence on medieval society -- Evidence from deserted and shrunken medieval settlements in england -- Identifying change in non-deserted rural settlements -- New evidence from currently occupied rural settlements in eastern england -- Desertion -- Severe contraction -- Expansion -- Stasis -- Patterns of change within settlements -- Withdrawal from settlement margins -- Abandonment of dispersed 'greens' and 'ends' -- Atomisation -- Withdrawal from recently inhabited zones -- Church-ward gravitation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 Recognising catastrophic cattle-mortality events in England and their repercussions -- Animal burials -- The shapwick burial pit -- The 14th-century panzootic -- Podimore: from two-field to three-field system -- Re-stocking options after cattle mortality -- Archaeological evidence for cattle-mortality events -- Flixborough, lincolnshire: possible evidence for the great carolingian panzootic -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18 Medieval archaeology and natural disasters: Looking towards the future -- Framing medieval reactions to natural disasters through the adaptive cycle -- Dimensions to medieval natural disasters -- Past and future: medieval archaeology and disaster studies -- Notes -- References -- Part IV Catalogue -- Chapter 19 Catalogue of medieval disasters -- The volcanic eruptions of AD 536 and 540 -- The 1117 earthquake in northern Italy -- The 1222 Cyprus earthquake -- The 1248 Mont Granier landslide -- The 1257 Samalas eruption -- The 1315-1322 agrarian crisis.The 1342 'millennium' flood -- The 1345 Gauldalen slide and flood event -- The 1348 Carinthia and Friuli earthquake -- 'Savage attack': Reactions to the Black Death in Winchester in 1348-49 and after -- The 1356 Basel earthquake -- The 1362 'great drowning of men' (grote mandränke) -- The 1382 Straits of Dover earthquake -- The 1421 St Elizabeth's Day flood -- Arson at Sherborne Abbey, Dorset, in 1437 -- The sweating sickness in late 15th-century and 16th-century England -- Excavating the 1522 earthquake and landslide on the island of São Miguel, Azores -- The 1531 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami -- The 1540 pan-European mega-drought -- The rain in Spain: Early 16th-century drought and reactions -- References -- Index.Waiting for the End of the World? addresses the archaeological, architectural, historical, and geological evidence for natural disasters in the Middle Ages between the 11th and 16th centuries. This volume adopts a fresh interdisciplinary approach to explore the many ways in which environmental hazards affected European populations and, in turn, how medieval communities coped and responded to short- and long-term consequences. Three sections, which focus on geotectonic hazards (Part I), severe storms and hydrological hazards (Part II) and biophysical hazards (Part III), draw together 18 papers of the latest research while additional detail is provided in a catalogue of the 20 most significant disasters to have affected Europe during the period. These include earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, storms, floods and outbreaks of infectious diseases. Spanning Europe from the British Isles to Italy and from the Canary Islands to Cyprus, these contributions will be of interest to earth scientists, geographers, historians, sociologists, anthropologists and climatologists but are also relevant to students and non-specialist readers interested in medieval archaeology and history as well as those studying human geography and disaster studies. Despite a different set of beliefs relating to the natural world and protection against environmental hazards, the evidence suggests that medieval communities frequently adopted a surprisingly 'modern', well-informed and practically-minded outlook --Provided by publisher.Society for Medieval Archaeology ;43.Natural disastersEuropeHistoryTo 1500Environmental disastersEuropeHistoryTo 1500Archaeology, MedievalEuropeNatural disastersHistoryEnvironmental disastersHistoryArchaeology, Medieval363.34094/0902363.340940902Gerrard Christopher M.Forlin PaoloBrown Peter J.OCoLC-POCoLC-PBOOK9910860851103321Waiting for the end of the world4167684UNINA