01494nam 2200433I 450 991070975550332120180627152129.0(CKB)5470000002472691(OCoLC)1042088839(EXLCZ)99547000000247269120180627d2017 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierWomen in STEM: 2017 update /by Ryan NoonanWashington, DC :U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Office of the Chief Economist,2017.1 online resource (21 pages) color illustrationsESA issue brief ;#17-06"November 13, 2017."Women in STEMWomen in scienceUnited StatesStatisticsWomen in technologyUnited StatesStatisticsWomen in engineeringUnited StatesStatisticsWomen in mathematicsUnited StatesStatisticsStatistics.lcgftWomen in scienceWomen in technologyWomen in engineeringWomen in mathematicsNoonan Ryan1416346United States.Department of Commerce.Office of the Chief Economist,GPOGPOBOOK9910709755503321Women in STEM: 2017 update3521407UNINA11924nam 22006013 450 991085399770332120240521111733.09783031070020303107002X(MiAaPQ)EBC30970226(Au-PeEL)EBL30970226(CKB)29038595300041(Exl-AI)30970226(OCoLC)1414467266(EXLCZ)992903859530004120231128d2024 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierHandbook of the Philosophy of Climate Change1st ed.Springer2023Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,2024.©2023.1 online resource (1286 pages)Handbooks in Philosophy SeriesPrint version: Pellegrino, Gianfranco Handbook of the Philosophy of Climate Change Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2024 9783031070013 3031070011 Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- Introduction -- Introduction -- Overview of the Handbook Sections -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References -- Part II: Climate Change, Science, and Philosophy -- Understanding Model-Based Uncertainty in Climate Science -- Introduction -- What Makes a Climate Model -- Overall Model Structure -- Individual Model Components -- Running Model Simulations -- Model Evaluation -- Sources of Uncertainty in Climate Models -- Structural Uncertainty -- Parameter Uncertainty -- Scenario Uncertainty -- Initial Conditions and Internal Variability Uncertainty -- Uncertainty in Observations and Data -- Concluding Remarks -- Cross-References -- References -- Implications of Model-Based Uncertainty: Scientific Responses and Philosophical Interpretations -- Introduction -- Implications of Model Uncertainty for the Science of Climate Change -- Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity and Transient Climate Response -- Detection and Attribution of Anthropogenic Climate Change -- Future Climate Extremes -- Future Climate Impacts -- Scientific Responses to the Challenges of Model Uncertainty -- Model Ensembles -- Alternative Model Pluralisms -- Benchmarking -- Paleo-Reconstructions -- Machine Learning -- Concluding Remarks -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Models and Robustness Analysis - Part I: Core Concepts and Premises -- Introduction -- Model-Based RA -- Articulating Core Concepts -- Independence -- Agreement -- Establishing the Premises -- Premise of Step 1: Finding the Robust Property -- Premise of Step 2: Finding the Common Structure -- Premise of Step 3: Understanding Robust Theorems -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Models and Robustness Analysis - Part II: The Justificatory Challenge -- Introduction -- The Justificatory Challenge.Top-Down Justifications -- Bottom-Up Justifications -- The Likelihood Approach -- Independence Approaches -- The Explanatory Approach -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- Abrupt Climate Changes and Tipping Points -- Introduction: This contribution has been written in Spring 2021 -- Defining Abrupt Climate Changes -- The Dynamical Systems Theory Perspective: Bifurcations -- Defining Tipping Points in the Climate and Earth Systems -- Tipping Points: Scientific Relevance and Uncertainties -- Communicating About Tipping Points -- Tipping Points in the Anthropocene: The Social Science Perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- Climate Research and Big Data -- Introduction -- Big Data Elements in Climate Research -- Data and Its Uncertainty in Climate Research -- Traditional Climate Data and New Developments -- Modeling, Adequacy, and Uncertainty of Climate Datasets -- Data-Driven Modeling in Climate Research -- Machine Learning and Data-Driven Models -- Representational Accuracy -- Predictions and Uncertainty -- Understanding -- Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Robots and Climate Action -- Introduction -- What Are ``Environmental Robots´´? -- Environmental Robots for Climate Action -- Ecobots for Climate Action? -- Robots-for-Ecology for Climate Action? -- Robots-in-Ecology for Climate Action? -- Conclusion -- Works Cited -- Works Consulted -- Part III: Climate Change, Social Sciences, and Philosophy -- Climate Change Sociology: Perspectives and Dilemmas -- Introduction -- A Sociology of Climate Change -- Climate Change Ontology -- On the Different Meanings of Climate -- Climate as Commons -- The Causes of Climate Change: Fossil Energy, Fossil Capitalism, and the Sociology of Energy -- Consequences of Climate Change: Injustice and Inequality -- Conclusions -- Cross-References -- References.Climate Change and Cultural Anthropology -- Introduction -- Climate Ethnography -- The Anthropocene Debate -- More-than-Human Relations -- Conclusion -- References -- Climate Change and Geography -- Introduction -- Mitigation Policies -- Carbon Offsets: Capitalist Vision and Neocolonial Approaches -- GHG Inventories -- Unburnable Fossil Fuels -- Adaptation Policies -- How to Go Beyond Adaptation: Transformation -- Scales and Rescaling -- Rescaling and Individuals -- The Geographical Literature and the IPCC: Relationships and Perspectives -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Change and Urban Studies -- Introduction -- Why Should Cities Act About Climate Change? -- What Can Cities Do for Climate Change? -- How Are Cities Acting for Climate Change? -- Multi-Level, Collaborative Approaches for a Polycentric Problem -- Urban Climate Experimentalism -- City-led Climate Change Litigation. Cities Use Litigation as a Public Platform -- Cities, Climate Change and Urban Equity and Justice -- Conclusions -- References -- Normative Challenges in Climate Change Economics -- Introduction -- Choice of Welfare Function for Climate Policy Analysis -- Welfare Functions with Equity -- Welfare Functions with Refined Treatment of Risk -- Incorporating Both Risk and Equity Preferences in the Welfare Function -- Ex Ante Egalitarianism -- Ex Post Egalitarianism -- The Challenge of Distinguishing Positive and Normative Assumptions in Economic Models -- Pure Rate of Time Preference -- Risk Aversion, Inequality Aversion, and Intertemporal Elasticity of Substitution -- Value of Statistical Life in IAMs -- Measurement, Boundaries, and Scope of Analyses -- Co-benefits in the Benefit-Cost Analysis of Climate Policy -- Stock Versus Flow Measures -- Representation of Policy Detail -- Summary -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Change and Decision Theory.Introduction -- Climate Change and Decision Theory -- Prisoner´s Dilemma -- Expected Utility Theory -- How You Could Make a Large Difference -- How You Probably (Also) Make an Imperceptible Difference -- But Can Decision Theory Handle Extreme Uncertainty? -- Summary -- References -- Climate Change and Psychology -- Introduction -- How Do We Relate to Nature? -- What Prevents Change? -- Habits -- Loss Aversion -- Distance/Discounting -- Autonomy/Efficacy -- Denialism/Skepticism -- Rationalization -- What Are the Effects of Change? -- Direct Psychological Effects of a Changing Climate -- Indirect Psychological Effects of a Changing Climate -- How Can Change Happen? -- Scope for Further Interaction -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Change and Legal Theory -- Introduction -- The Historical Relationship Between Climate, Natural Resources, and Law -- The Climate System in Legal Theory -- State Sovereignty and ``Planetary Boundaries´´ -- Tragedy of the Horizon and Metabolic Rift -- Climate Change and Human Rights -- Climate Change and Democracy -- The Legal Practice Between ``Tornado´´ and ``Abortion´´ Politics -- Conclusions: Law in the Weather-World -- Cross-References -- References -- Part IV: Climate Change, Humanities, and Philosophy -- Climate Change and the Environmental Humanities -- Introduction -- The Environmental Humanities -- The Humanities Approach -- Environmental Humanities: Outlook, Concerns, Aims, Functions -- Environmental Humanities and Climate Change: Some Key Themes -- Philosophy and Climate Change: Four Themes -- Future People, Systemic Injustices, Responsibilities -- Climate Narratives, Catastrophism, Alternatives -- Climate Temporalities, Human Becoming, Present Times -- Culture, Nature as Adversary, Societal Inadequacies -- Conclusion: Living with Nature -- References.Climate Change, Environmental Philosophy, and Anthropocentrism -- Introduction -- Anthropocentrism and Non-anthropocentrism in Environmental Philosophy -- Critiques of Anthropocentrism -- Non-anthropocentric Alternatives -- Anthropocentrism and Climate Change -- Is Anthropocentrism Really the Problem? -- Detecting Anthropocentrism: The Renewable Energy Transition -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- The Earth Means the World to Me: Earth- and World-Interest in Times of Climate Change -- Introduction -- The Emergence of World in Times of Climate Change -- From World Interest to Earth Interest in Times of Climate Change -- The Givenness of Earth and World -- Conclusion: The Advantage of a Philosophical Concept of Earth and World in Times of Climate Change -- References -- Environmental Aesthetics and Global Climate Change -- Introduction: Aesthetics and Environment -- The Tools of Environmental Aesthetics -- Multisensory Sympathetic Attention and Immersion -- Emotions and Knowledge -- Temporality and Imagination -- Environmental Aesthetics and Loss -- Negative Aesthetic Values -- Conclusion: Aesthetic and Ethical Values -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Change, Natural Aesthetics, and the Danger of Adapted Preferences -- Introduction -- The Weak Theory of Sustainability -- The Inherent Resistance of Aesthetic Goods to Quantification -- The Circularity of Using Adapted Aesthetic Preferences to Justify the Environmental Degradation That Caused Those Preferences -- The Implications of the Growing Gap Between Aesthetic Needs and (Adapted) Aesthetic Preferences -- Conclusion -- Cross-References -- References -- Climate Change and Religion -- Religious Declarations on Climate Change -- Northcott´s Interpretation of Such Statements and Attitudes -- The Implications of White´s and Passmore´s Stances -- The Bearing of Stewardship.Concluding Remarks.This comprehensive handbook explores the philosophical dimensions of climate change, examining its implications across various disciplines including ethics, political philosophy, and the humanities. Edited by Gianfranco Pellegrino and Marcello Di Paola, the work brings together contributions from specialists to address major philosophical issues related to climate change, such as ethical dilemmas, policy-making, and interdisciplinary interactions. The handbook is structured into five parts covering topics like climate science, social sciences, and climate ethics, offering an updated survey aimed at fostering dialogue among scholars, policymakers, and citizens. Designed to be accessible to a wide audience, it serves as a critical resource for researchers and students seeking to understand the philosophical challenges posed by climate change.Generated by AI.Handbooks in Philosophy SeriesPhilosophyGenerated by AIEnvironmental ethicsGenerated by AIPhilosophyEnvironmental ethics363.7387401Pellegrino Gianfranco475544Di Paola Marcello787434MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910853997703321Handbook of the Philosophy of Climate Change4157931UNINA