05233nam 2200625Ia 450 991083107870332120170815105718.01-280-52018-397866105201833-527-60503-73-527-60262-3(CKB)1000000000019242(EBL)481599(OCoLC)68913901(SSID)ssj0000221177(PQKBManifestationID)11197527(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000221177(PQKBWorkID)10161283(PQKB)11004171(MiAaPQ)EBC481599(PPN)242884350(EXLCZ)99100000000001924220040610d2004 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrPhosgenations[electronic resource] a handbook /L. Cotarca, H. EckertWeinheim Wiley-VCHc20041 online resource (670 p.)Description based upon print version of record.3-527-29823-1 Phosgenations - A Handbook; Contents; Preface; 1 Contradictions; References; 2 Phosgenation Reagents; 2.1 Phosgene; 2.1.1 Conventional Manufacturing Processes; 2.1.2 Manufacturing Processes "On Demand of Consumer"; 2.2 Phosgene "Oligomers"; 2.2.1 Diphosgene; 2.2.2 Triphosgene; 2.2.2.1 Triphosgene as a Phosgene Equivalent or Phosgene Source; 2.2.2.2 Stability: Thermally and Chemically Induced Decomposition; 2.2.2.3 Preparation; 2.3 Other Phosgene Equivalents and Substitutes; 2.3.1 Oxalyl Chloride; 2.3.2 1,1-Carbonyldiimidazole; 2.3.3 Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC); 2.4 References3 Evaluation of Phosgenation Reagents3.1 Definition; 3.2 Reactivity; 3.3 Physical Properties; 3.4 Physiological Data; 3.5 References; 4 Phosgenation Reactions; 4.1 Classification of Phosgenation Reactions; 4.2 Chloroformylation (Chlorocarbonylation); 4.2.1 Chloroformates (Chlorocarbonylation of Alcohols); 4.2.2 Carbamoyl Chlorides (Chlorocarbonylation of Amines); 4.2.2.1 Reactions with Primary Amines; 4.2.2.2 Reactions with Secondary Amines; 4.2.2.3 Reactions with Tertiary Amines; 4.2.2.4 Reactions with Amides; 4.3 Carbonylation; 4.3.1 Isocyanates; 4.3.1.1 Introduction4.3.1.2 Aromatic Isocyanates4.3.1.3 Alkyl and Alkenyl Isocyanates; 4.3.1.4 Heterocyclic Isocyanates; 4.3.1.5 Isocyanates of Amino Acids; 4.3.1.6 Acyl Isocyanates; 4.3.1.7 Silane Isocyanates; 4.3.2 Carbamates; 4.3.2.1 Phosgene and Haloformates as Reagents; 4.3.2.2 Carbamates Prepared with Isocyanates or Carbamoyl Chlorides; 4.3.2.3 Carbamates Prepared with N,N ́-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI); 4.3.2.4 Carbamates by Aminolysis of Carbonate or Dithiocarbonate Esters; 4.3.2.5 Enol Carbamates; 4.3.2.6 Carbamates from Isocyanides; 4.3.2.7 Potassium Carbonate as a Carbonylating Reagent4.3.2.8 Carbamates Prepared with Acryloyl Azide4.3.2.9 Carbon Monoxide; 4.3.2.10 Carbon Dioxide; 4.3.2.11 Sodium Nitrite/HCl; 4.3.3 Carbonates; 4.3.3.1 Chloroformates; 4.3.3.2 Phosgene; 4.3.3.3 Diphosgene; 4.3.3.4 Triphosgene; 4.3.3.5 Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI); 4.3.3.6 Acyl Carbonates; 4.3.3.7 Carbonates (Interchanges); 4.3.3.8 Carbon Oxides, CO, CO(2), and MCO(3); 4.3.3.9 Ureas; 4.3.3.10 Enzyme Catalysis; 4.3.4 Ureas; 4.3.4.1 Phosgene and Symmetrical Phosgene Equivalents; 4.3.4.2 Unsymmetrical Phosgene Equivalents; 4.3.4.3 Carbon Monoxide; 4.3.4.4 Carbon Dioxide; 4.3.4.5 Organic Carbonates4.3.4.6 Aminolysis of S-Methylthiocarbamates Prepared from Carbonimidodithioates4.3.4.7 Diiodosilane Method; 4.3.4.8 N-Alkylation of Simple Ureas; 4.3.4.9 The Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Monoalkylureas; 4.3.4.10 Catalytic [Ru(PPh(3))(3)] Aminolysis of Formamides; 4.3.4.11 HY Zeolite HSZ-360 Catalyzed Aminolysis of Acetoacetanilides; 4.3.5 Reactions with Binucleophiles; 4.3.5.1 N,O- and N,S-Binucleophiles. Formation of Oxazolidin-2-ones and Thiazolidin-2-ones; 4.3.5.2 N,N-Binucleophiles. Formation of 2-Oxoimidazolidines; 4.3.5.3 O,O-Binucleophiles. Formation of Cyclic Carbonates4.3.5.4 N,COOH Binucleophiles. Formation of N-Carboxyanhydrides of α-Amino AcidsIn this manual, the authors compare the range of applications for phosgene with that of the alternative compounds, dealing in detail with the possible uses of diphosgene, triphosgene, carbon dioxide, organic carbonates, oxalylchloride and many other alternative materials used in synthesis. However, they clearly point out those cases where phosgene continues to have the advantage. The result is a mine of information for synthetic chemists working in industry and academia faced with the question of where the toxic phosgene can be replaced by an unproblematic compound - including the safety phosgPhosgeneHandbooks, manuals, etcCarbonyl compoundsPhosgeneCarbonyl compounds.661.06812661.891Cotarca L(Livius)1668842Eckert H(Heiner)365118MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910831078703321Phosgenations4029715UNINA