05141nam 22006134a 450 991083088630332120230617040222.01-281-31173-197866113117353-527-61248-33-527-61249-1(CKB)1000000000376235(EBL)481638(OCoLC)609855373(SSID)ssj0000296865(PQKBManifestationID)11253836(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000296865(PQKBWorkID)10328151(PQKB)10578372(MiAaPQ)EBC481638(EXLCZ)99100000000037623520040202d2004 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrFreeze-drying[electronic resource]2nd, completely rev. and extended ed. /Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen, Peter Haseley.Weinheim Wiley-VCHc20041 online resource (409 p.)Description based upon print version of record.3-527-30620-X Includes bibliographical references and index.Freeze-Drying; Table of Contents; Preface; Preface to the First Edition; 1 Foundations and Process Engineering; 1.1 Freezing; 1.1.1 Amount of Heat, Heat Conductivity, Heat Transfer and Cooling Rate; 1.1.2 Structure of Ice, Solutions and Dispersions; 1.1.3 Influence of Excipients; 1.1.4 Freezing of Cells and Bacteria; 1.1.5 Methods of Structure Analysis; 1.1.5.1 Measurements of Electrical Resistance (ER); 1.1.5.2 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA); 1.1.5.3 Cryomicroscopy; 1.1.5.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); 1.1.5.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1.1.5.6 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)1.1.5.7 Dielectric Analysis (DEA); 1.1.5.8 X-ray Diffractometry-Raman Spectroscopy; 1.1.6 Changes of Structure in Freezing or Frozen Products; 1.2 Drying; 1.2.1 Main Drying (Sublimation Drying); 1.2.2 Secondary Drying (Desorption Drying); 1.2.3 Temperature and Pressure Measurement; 1.2.4 Water Vapor Transport During Drying; 1.2.5 Collapse and Recrystallization; 1.2.6 Drying Processes Without Vacuum; 1.3 Storage; 1.3.1 Measurement of the Residual Moisture Content (RM); 1.3.1.1 Gravimetric Method; 1.3.1.2 Karl Fischer (KF) Method1.3.1.3 Thermogravimetry (TG, TG/MS)1.3.1.4 Infrared Spectroscopy; 1.3.2 Influence of Vial Stoppers on the Residual Moisture Content; 1.3.3 Qualities of the Dry Substances and Their Changes; 1.4 References for Chapter 1; 2 Installation and Equipment Technique; 2.1 Freezing Installation; 2.1.1 Cooling by Liquids: Shell-freezing and Spin-freezing; 2.1.2 Cooled Surfaces; 2.1.3 Product in the Flow of Cold Air, Foaming and Freezing of Extracts and Pulps; 2.1.4 Droplet Freezing in Cold Liquids; 2.1.5 Freezing by Evaporation of Product Water; 2.2 Components of a Freeze-drying Plant2.2.1 Installations for Flasks and Manifolds2.2.2 Drying Chambers and Forms of Trays; Trays for Special Applications; 2.2.3 Shelves and their Cooling and Heating; 2.2.4 Water Vapor Condensers; 2.2.5 Refrigerating Systems and Refrigerants; 2.2.6 Vacuum Pumps; 2.2.7 Inlet Venting Filters; 2.2.8 Vacuum Measuring Systems; 2.2.9 Leak Rate Detection; 2.2.10 Process Control Systems; 2.2.11 Problems, Failures and Deviations; 2.3 Installations up to 10 kg Ice Capacity; 2.3.1 Universal Laboratory Plants; 2.3.2 Pilot Plants; 2.3.3 Manipulators and Stoppering Systems for Vials2.3.4 Cleaning Installations, Sterilization by Steam and Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP®)2.4 Production Plants; 2.4.1 Loading and Unloading Systems; 2.5 Production Plants for Food; 2.5.1 Discontinuous Plants; 2.5.2 Continuous Plants with Tray Transport; 2.5.3 Continuous Plants with Product Transport by Wipers or by Vibration; 2.6 Process Automation; 2.6.1 Prerequisites for Process and Related Plant Automation; 2.6.2 Control of the Process and Related Plant Data by Thermodynamic Data Measured During the Process: Thermodynamic Lyophilization Control (TLC)2.6.2.1 Control of the Process Without Temperature Sensors in the ProductMany modern pharmaceutical and biological products, e.g. blood derivatives, vaccines, cytostatic drugs, antibiotics, bacteria cultures but also consumer goods such as soluble coffee are freeze-dried to transform perishable substances into a form that can be stored and reconstituted to their almost original state without loss of quality.The book describes the up-to-date fundamentals of freeze-drying, not just presenting the process in all its seven steps theoretically, but explaining it with many practical examples. Many years of experience in freeze-drying allow the authors to supply valuaFreeze-dryingFreeze-drying.615.19660/.28426Oetjen Georg-Wilhelm1608033Haseley Peter289089MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910830886303321Freeze-drying4031638UNINA