01905nlm 22003133u 450 99640284990331620210215113703.00-521-62217-420130805d1998---- u|| |engUKdrcnuAfrica and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800John Thornon2. ed.CambridgeCambridge University Press1998Testo elettronico (PDF) (380 p.)Studies in Comparative World HistoryBase dati testualeQuesto libro esplora il coinvolgimento dell'Africa nel mondo atlantico dal XV al XVIII secolo. Si concentra soprattutto sulle cause e le conseguenze della tratta degli schiavi, in Africa, in Europa e nel Nuovo Mondo. Istituzioni africane, eventi politici e strutture economiche hanno plasmato il coinvolgimento volontario dell'Africa nell'arena atlantica prima del 1680. La forza economica e militare dell'Africa ha dato alle élite africane la capacità di determinare lo sviluppo del commercio con l'Europa. Thornton esamina le dinamiche della colonizzazione che hanno reso gli schiavi così necessari ai colonizzatori europei e spiega perché gli schiavi africani sono stati posti in ruoli di importanza centrale. La struttura della proprietà e la demografia hanno influenzato la capacità degli schiavi di formare una società autosufficiente e di comportarsi come attori culturali, trasferendo e trasformando la cultura africana nel Nuovo Mondo.Studies in Comparative World HistoryAfricaRapporti [con l'] EuropaBNCF303.482604THORNTON,John117230cbaITcbaREICAT996402849903316EBERAfrica and Africans in the making of the Atlantic world, 1400-180015784UNISA06602nam 2200457 450 991082985710332120230630001716.01-119-88146-31-119-88148-X1-119-88147-1(MiAaPQ)EBC6821609(Au-PeEL)EBL6821609(CKB)19968560400041(EXLCZ)991996856040004120220825d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierNuclear physics 1 nuclear deexcitations, spontaneous nuclear reactions /Ibrahima SakhoHoboken, New Jersey :John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[2021]©20211 online resource (368 pages)Print version: Sakho, Ibrahima Nuclear Physics 1 Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2022 9781786306418 Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Overview of the Nucleus -- 1.1. Discovery of the electron -- 1.1.1. Hittorf and Crookes experiments -- 1.1.2. Perrin and Thomson experiments -- 1.1.3. Millikan experiment -- 1.2. The birth of the nucleus -- 1.2.1. Perrin and Thomson atomic model -- 1.2.2. Geiger and Marsden experiment -- 1.2.3. Rutherford scattering: Planetary atomic model -- 1.2.4. Rutherford's differential effective cross-section -- 1.3. Composition of the nucleus -- 1.3.1. Discovery of the proton -- 1.3.2. Discovery of the neutron -- 1.3.3. Internal structure of nucleons: u and d quarks -- 1.3.4. Isospin -- 1.3.5. Nuclear spin -- 1.3.6. Nuclear magnetic moment -- 1.4. Nucleus dimensions -- 1.4.1. Nuclear radius -- 1.4.2. Nuclear density, skin thickness -- 1.5. Nomenclature of nuclides -- 1.5.1. Isotopes, isobars, isotones -- 1.5.2. Mirror nuclei, Magic nuclei -- 1.6. Nucleus stability -- 1.6.1. Atomic mass unit -- 1.6.2. Segrè diagram, nuclear energy surface -- 1.6.3. Mass defect, binding energy -- 1.6.4. Binding energy per nucleon, Aston curve -- 1.6.5. Separation energy of a nucleon -- 1.6.6. Nuclear forces -- 1.7. Exercises -- 1.8. Solutions to exercises -- Chapter 2. Nuclear Deexcitations -- 2.1. Nuclear shell model -- 2.1.1. Overview of nuclear models -- 2.1.2. Individual state of a nucleon -- 2.1.3. Form of the harmonic potential -- 2.1.4. Shell structure derived from a harmonic potential -- 2.1.5. Shell structure derived from a Woods-Saxon potential -- 2.2. Angular momentum and parity -- 2.2.1. Angular momentum and parity of ground state -- 2.2.2. Angular momentum and parity of an excited state -- 2.3. Gamma deexcitation -- 2.3.1. Definition, deexcitation energy -- 2.3.2. Angular momentum and multipole order of γ-radiation.2.3.3. Classification of γ-transitions, parity of γ-radiation -- 2.3.4. γ-transition probabi lities, Weisskopf estimates -- 2.3.5. Conserving angular momentum and parity -- 2.4. Internal conversion -- 2.4.1. Definition -- 2.4.2. Internal conversion coefficients -- 2.4.3. Partial conversion coefficients -- 2.4.4. K-shell conversion -- 2.5. Deexcitation by nucleon emission -- 2.5.1. Definition -- 2.5.2. Energy balance -- 2.5.3. Bound levels and virtual levels -- 2.5.4. Study of an example of delayed-neutron emission -- 2.6. Bethe-Weizsäcker semi-empirical mass formula -- 2.6.1. Presentation of the liquid-drop model -- 2.6.2. Bethe-Weizsäcker formula, binding energy -- 2.6.3. Volume energy, surface energy -- 2.6.4. Coulomb energy -- 2.6.5. Asymmetry energy, pairing energy -- 2.6.6. Principle of semi-empirical evaluation of coefficients in Bethe-Weizsäcker form -- 2.6.7. Isobar binding energy, the most stable isobar -- 2.7. Mass parabola equation for odd A -- 2.7.1. Expression -- 2.7.2. Determining the nuclear charge of the most stable isobar from the decay energy -- 2.7.3. Mass parabola equation for even A -- 2.8. Nuclear potential barrier -- 2.8.1. Definition, model of the rectangular potential well -- 2.8.2. Modifying the model of the rectangular potential well -- 2.9. Exercises -- 2.10. Solutions to exercises -- Chapter 3. Alpha Radioactivity -- 3.1. Experimental facts -- 3.1.1. Becquerel's observations, radioactivity -- 3.1.2. Discovery of α radioactivity and β− radioactivity -- 3.1.3. Discovery of the positron -- 3.1.4. Discovery of the neutrino, Cowan and Reines experiment -- 3.1.5. Highlighting α, β and γ radiation -- 3.2. Radioactive decay -- 3.2.1. Rutherford and Soddy's empirical law -- 3.2.2. Radioactive half-life -- 3.2.3. Average lifetime of a radioactive nucleus -- 3.2.4. Activity of a radioactive source -- 3.3. α radioactivity.3.3.1. Balanced equation -- 3.3.2. Mass defect (loss of matter), decay energy -- 3.3.3. Decay energy diagram -- 3.3.4. Fine structure of α lines -- 3.3.5. Geiger-Nuttall law -- 3.3.6. Quantum model of α emission by tunnel effect -- 3.3.7. Estimating the radioactive half-life, Gamow factor -- 3.4. Exercises -- 3.5. Solutions to exercises -- Chapter 4. Beta Radioactivity, Radioactive Family Tree -- 4.1. Beta radioactivity -- 4.1.1. Experiment of Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie: discovery of artificial radioactivity -- 4.1.2. Balanced equation, β decay energy -- 4.1.3. Continuous β emission spectrum -- 4.1.4. Sargent diagram, β transition selection rules -- 4.1.5. Decay energy diagram -- 4.1.6. Condition of β + emission -- 4.1.7. Decay by electron capture -- 4.1.8. Double β decay, branching ratio -- 4.1.9. Atomic deexcitation, Auger effect -- 4.2. Radioactive family trees -- 4.2.1. Definition -- 4.2.2. Simple two-body family tree -- 4.2.3. Multi-body family tree, Bateman equations -- 4.2.4. Secular equilibrium -- 4.3. Radionuclide production by nuclear bombardment -- 4.3.1. General aspects -- 4.3.2. Production rate of a radionuclide -- 4.3.3. Production yield of a radionuclide -- 4.4. Natural radioactive series -- 4.4.1. Presentation -- 4.4.2. Thorium (4n) family -- 4.4.3. Neptunium (4n + 1) family -- 4.4.4. Uranium-235 (4n +2) family -- 4.4.5. Uranium-238 (4n + 3) family -- 4.5. Exercises -- 4.6. Solutions to exercises -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Index -- EULA.Nuclear physicsHandbooks, manuals, etcNuclear physicsHistoryNuclear physicsNuclear physicsHistory.539.70212Sakho Ibrahima1217444MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910829857103321Nuclear physics 13928166UNINA