11404nam 2200697 a 450 991082897190332120240410172501.01-61942-951-9(CKB)2550000001043018(EBL)3021086(SSID)ssj0000874313(PQKBManifestationID)11526843(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000874313(PQKBWorkID)10885980(PQKB)10138554(MiAaPQ)EBC3021086(Au-PeEL)EBL3021086(CaPaEBR)ebr10681286(OCoLC)847621319(EXLCZ)99255000000104301820120301d2012 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBrick and mortar research[electronic resource] /Santiago Manuel Rivera and Antonio L. Pena Diaz, editors1st ed.Hauppauge, N.Y. Nova Science Publishersc20121 online resource (353 p.)Materials science and technologiesEngineering tools, techniques and tablesDescription based upon print version of record.1-61942-927-6 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- BRICK AND MORTAR RESEARCH -- BRICK AND MORTAR RESEARCH -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: CORROSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OFCEMENTS AND REINFORCED CONCRETE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONTAINMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES IN CEMENT -- System Factors -- Time -- Temperature -- Ratio of Volume of Leachant to Volume of Solid (V/Vs) -- Leachant Factors -- Leachant Composition -- pH -- Flow -- Solid Factors -- Composition of the Solid. Porosity -- Surface Condition -- NOVEL CEMENTITIOUS BINDERS -- Alkaline Cements as an Alternative to Portland Cement -- Classification of Alkali-Activated Cements -- Reaction Mechanisms -- First Stage "Destruction-Coagulation" -- Second Stage "Coagulation-Condensation" -- Third Stage "Condensation-Crystallization" -- Alkali-Activation of Fly Ash -- Particle Size and Chemical Composition of Fly Ash -- Type and Concentration of the Activator -- Influence of Alkali Cations -- Influence of Alkali Anions -- Curing Conditions -- Rheology -- Durability of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Binders -- Engineering Properties and Applications -- CORROSION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES -- Mechanisms for Corrosion in Concrete -- Carbonation Reaction -- Pitting Corrosion -- Role of Chloride Ion -- Depassivation -- Propagation -- Non-Destructive Monitoring Techniques -- Fundaments of the Method -- Estimation of Rp from the Slope of ln(ht) vs. t Plot -- Direct Measurement of the Time Constant -- New Palliative Methods to Prevent Reinforced Concrete Corrosion -- Reduction of Permeability of the Concrete -- Protective Coatings on the Concrete -- Protective Coating on the Steel -- Use of Stainless Steel Reinforcements -- Suppression of the Electrochemical Process -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.Chapter 2: INNOVATIVE USES OF UNFIRED BRICKS AND CLAY PRODUCTS AS SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SOLUTIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS -- EARTH CONSTRUCTION: A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS -- CHEMICAL STABILIZATION TYPES -- OTHER METHODS OF SOIL STABILIZATION -- FIBRES AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT -- FIBRE PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS -- Natural Fibres -- 1. Vegetal Fibres -- 2. Animal Fibres -- Synthetic Fibres -- 1. Plastic Fibers -- 2. Metal and Glass Fibres -- UNFIRED BRICKS RESEARCH: GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION -- APPENDIX 1: LITERATURE REVIEW -- 1. Mortars, Blocks and Soil Reinforced with Fibres -- 2. Mortars, Blocks and Soil Walls -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR OF CFRP RETROFITTED MASONRY: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT -- 1. ABSTRACT -- 2. INTRODUCTION -- 3. IN PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF UNEINFORCED CLAY MASONRY UNITS -- 3.1. Axial Compression Normal to the Bed Joints -- 3.2. Shear Behavior -- 4. IN PLANE BEHAVIOUR OF FRP REINFORCED CLAY MASONRY UNITS -- 4.1. Axial Compression Normal to the Bed Joints -- 4.2. Shear Behavior -- 5. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY -- 5.1. General -- 5.2. Tests on Clay Bricks and Mortar -- 5.3. Carbon Fibre Fabric -- 5.4. Uniaxial Compression Tests -- 5.4.1. Masonry Panels Description and Experimental Set up -- 5.4.2. Discussion of Test Results -- 5.4.2.1. Control Unretrofitted Panels -- 5.4.2.2. CFRP Composite Retrofitted and Repaired Panels -- 5.5. Diagonal Compression Tests -- 5.5.1. Masonry Panels Description and Experimental Set up -- 5.5.2. Discussion of Test Results -- 5.5.2.1. Control Unretrofitted Panels -- 5.5.2.2. CFRP Composite Retrofitted and Repaired Panels -- 5.5.2.3. Comparison between Experimental and Analytically Predicted Shear Strength for FRP-Strengthened Panels -- 6. NUMERICAL STUDY.6.1. Detailed Modelling of the Unreinforced and Retrofitted Masonry -- 6.1.1. Plastic Process -- 6.1.2. Damage Process -- 6.1.3. Consistency Conditions -- 6.2. Simplified Modelling -- 6.3. Composite Materials Modeling -- 6.4. Influence of the Composit -- 6.5.1. Behaviour under Uniaxial Compression Normal to the Bed Joints -- 6.5.2. Diagonal Compression -- 6.6. Behaviour of a CFRP Reinforced Masonry Wall -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: HIGH TEMPERATURE EFFECTSON MASONRY MATERIALS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EFFECTS OF FIRE ON MASONRY STRUCTURES -- 2.1. Structural Behavior of Masonry Exposed to Fire Conditions -- 2.2. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties -- 2.2.1. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties under Fire Exposure -- 2.2.2. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties after Fire Exposure (Residual) -- 3. RESEARCH ON RESIDUAL TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENTPROPERTIES OF MASONRY -- 3.1. Testing Program -- 3.2. Experimental Results -- 3.2.1. Brick and Mortar Specimens -- 3.2.2. Masonry Specimens -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: DATING BRICKS AND MORTARS OF ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL BUILDINGS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Building Materials -- 1.2. Mortars -- 1.3. Bricks -- 2. DATING ANCIENT BUILDINGS: METHODS AND PROBLEMS -- 2.1. Historical Data and Archaeological Methods -- 2.2. Absolute Dating Methods -- 3. BRICK DATING -- 3.1. Luminescence Dating -- 3.1.1. Luminescence Age Equation -- 3.1.2. Dose Rate Estimation -- 3.1.3. Limitations of Dating Bricks by Luminescence -- 3.2. Other Methods: Archaeomagnetism -- 4. MORTAR DATING -- 4.1. Geochemical Procedures for Dating -- 4.2. RADIOCARBON DATING -- 4.3. Luminescence Dating -- 5. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATIONOF BRICK AND MORTARS: THE ADVANTAGES OFTHE NON DESTRUCTIVE AND IN SITU ANALYSIS.ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLERAMAN SPECTROMETERS -- 3. DETERIORATION DUE TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION -- 4. DETERIORATION DUE TO INFILTRATION WATERS -- 5. BIODETERIORATION MARKERS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: PREPARATION OF COLOURED FACING BRICK FROM LOW MELTING CLAY UNDER A WATER VAPOUR ATMOSPHERE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Influence of Water Vapour Atmosphereon the Structure Formation of Ceramics -- Colour Characteristics of Samples Fired in Water Vapour and Ambient Atmosphere -- Technological Scheme for Production of Coloured Bricks from Low Melting Clay -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT AS ADDITIVE TO AERIAL LIME MORTARS SET AT ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS: A CHEMICAL, MINERALOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL INVESTIGATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Mortars Elaboration -- 2.2. Characterization of the Mortars Components -- 2.3. Mortars Characterization -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Characterization of Mortars Components -- 3.2. Evaluation of the Hardening Processes in Lime andCement-Lime Mortars -- 3.2.1. Carbonation Degree -- 3.2.2. Identification of the Hydrated Phases in Cement-Lime Mortar -- 3.2.3. Pore System -- 3.3. Physic-Mechanical Properties of Mortars -- 3.3.1. Capillary Uptake -- 3.3.2. Mechanical Strength -- 3.3.3. Shrinkage -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: INDUSTRIAL COATINGS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATION: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTI-CORROSIVE BEHAVIOR -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.2. Methods -- Half-Cell Potential Measurements -- Linear Polarization Technique (LPR) -- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).Transmission Rates -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Half-Cell Potential Measurements -- Linear Polarization Technique -- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy -- Transmission Rates -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter10: ON THE MODELING OF BRICK-MORTAR INTERFACE -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Experimental Study of The Masonry -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.CharacterizationofMaterials -- 2.2.1.Mortar -- 2.2.2.Bricks -- 2.3.Mechanical Behavior of Small Masonry Structures Under Shear Loading Without Confinement -- 2.3.1.Experimental Procedure -- 2.3.2.Full Bricks -- 2.3.3.Hollow Bricks -- 2.3.4.Discussions -- 2.4.Mechanical Behavior of Small Masonry Structures Under Shear Loading With Confinement -- 2.5.Mechanical Behavior of Small Wall in Diagonal Compression -- 3. Phenomenological Model of Interface -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.2.Presentation of RCCM Model -- UnilateralContactWithAdhesion -- FrictionWithAdhesion -- EvolutionofTheIntensityofAdhesion -- 3.3.Implementation of RCCM Model -- 3.4.Numerical Results: Mechanical Behavior of Small Masonry Structures Under Shear Loading -- 3.4.1.Full Brick Triplets -- Fracturealongtheinterface -- Cracksdevelopingintothemortar -- 3.4.2.Hollow Brick structures -- 3.5.Partial Conclusion -- 4. A Multi-Scale Model for Interface Law -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Principle of the Model -- 4.3.A Numerical Example -- 4.4.Partial conclusion -- 5.Conclusion -- References -- Chapter11: ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MORTARUSING MICROMECHANICAL AND MULTIPLE SCATTERING MODELS -- Abstract -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Micromechanical Modeling -- 2.1.InfluenceofMicrostructuralParametersofPlainMortarontheUltrasonicVelocityUsingtheMultiphaseMicromechanicalModel -- 2.1.1.InfluenceoftheGeometryoftheInclusions -- 2.1.2.InfluenceoftheElasticPropertiesoftheNon-PorousMatrix -- 2.1.3.InfluenceoftheVolumeFractionofSandandPores.2.1.4.EstimationofPorosityinMortarsUsingUltrasonicMeasurementsandtheMultiphaseMicromechanicalModel.Materials science and technologies series.Engineering tools, techniques and tables.BricksTestingCementTestingMasonryTestingBrickworksBricksTesting.CementTesting.MasonryTesting.Brickworks.624.1/836Rivera Santiago Manuel1680579Pena Diaz Antonio L1680580MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910828971903321Brick and mortar research4049378UNINA