06979nam 2200673Ia 450 991082872230332120240416233630.00-309-17384-11-280-18650-X97866101865010-309-59213-50-585-02098-1(CKB)110986584753494(OCoLC)42328807(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055349(SSID)ssj0000106765(PQKBManifestationID)11131089(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000106765(PQKBWorkID)10110047(PQKB)10634070(MiAaPQ)EBC3376278(Au-PeEL)EBL3376278(CaPaEBR)ebr10055349(CaONFJC)MIL18650(OCoLC)923262540(EXLCZ)9911098658475349419980603d1998 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrAssessment of exposure-response functions for rocket-emission toxicants /Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19981 online resource (226 p.) Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-309-06144-X Includes bibliographical references.Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants -- Copyright -- OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY -- OTHER REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY -- PREFACE -- Contents -- ABBREVIATIONS -- SUMMARY -- DESCRIPTION OF THE LATRA MODEL -- THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- TOXICOLOGICAL DATA BASE -- IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS -- DEFINITION OF SEVERITY OF EFFECTS -- STRUCTURE OF THE LATRA-ERF MODEL -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENT OF LATRA -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LAUNCH AREA TOXIC RISK ANALYSIS (LATRA) MODEL -- TOXICITY OF ROCKET EMISSIONS -- IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE POPULATIONS -- DEFINITION OF SEVERITY OF EFFECTS -- SELECTION OF THE EXPOSURE-RESPONSE MODEL AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE -- QUANTIFICATION OF THE EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS -- REPRESENTATION OF UNCERTAINTIES -- 3 SUBPOPULATIONS SENSITIVE TO AIR CONTAMINATION -- LITERATURE REVIEW FOR SENSITIVE SUBPOPULATIONS -- CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC VARIATION IN HUMAN SENSITIVITY -- HYDROGEN CHLORIDE -- NITROGEN DIOXIDE -- NITRIC ACID -- OZONE -- SULFUR DIOXIDE -- LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING STUDIES -- COMMON RISK-ASSESSMENT PRACTICES FOR SENSITIVE SUBPOPULATIONS -- DEFINING SENSITIVE POPULATIONS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- DEFINING SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS -- QUANTIFYING THE DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE IN SENSITIVITY BETWEEN SENSITIVE AND NORMAL SUBGROUPS -- 4 EFFECT SEVERITY -- PRECEDENT FOR SEVERITY DESCRIPTORS -- SEVERITY OF EFFECT IN TOXICOLOGY -- EPA DEFINITION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS -- AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY DEFINITION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS -- LATRA'S USE OF THE TERM ''SEVERITY -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 EVALUATION OF THE LATRA EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS -- THE LATRA-ERF MODEL -- SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES -- CHOICE OF EXPOSURE-RESPONSE MODEL -- SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS.SEVERITY OF EFFECTS -- EXPOSURE-RESPONSE VALUES -- REPRESENTATION OF UNCERTAINTIES -- OTHER FEATURES OF LATRA -- ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES -- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS -- ORDINAL REGRESSION -- MAXIMUM ENTROPY INFERENCE -- HAZARD-QUOTIENT-HAZARD-INDEX APPROACH -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SELECTION OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE -- CHOICE AND QUANTIFICATION OF EXPOSURE-RESPONSE MODEL -- SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS -- SEVERITY OF EFFECTS -- REPRESENTATION AND PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTIES -- OTHER FEATURES OF LATRA -- 6 EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR ROCKET-EMISSION TOXICANTS -- NITRIC ACID -- HEALTHY ADULTS -- SENSITIVE SUBJECTS -- HYDROGEN CHLORIDE -- MORTALITY -- CORNEAL OPACITY -- DOSE-RESPONSE FOR MILD, MODERATE, AND SERIOUS EFFECTS -- NITROGEN DIOXIDE -- MORTALITY -- AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS IN HUMANS -- CONTINUOUS (NONQUANTAL) MEASUREMENTS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A AIR FORCE EXPOSURE LIMITS FOR ROCKET EMISSIONS -- ROCKET EMISSIONS -- DEFINITIONS OF TIER LIMITS -- COMPARISON OF REWG TIER RECOMMENDATIONS AND LATRA ERFS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix B DEFINITIONS OF CURRENT EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY'S LIST OF ADVERSE RESPIRATORY HEALTH EFFECTS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D ACUTE TOXICITY OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE -- PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM -- SUMMARY OF TOXICITY INFORMATION -- EFFECTS IN HUMANS -- One-Time Exposure -- Accidental Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Potentially Sensitive Populations -- EFFECTS IN ANIMALS -- One-Time Exposure -- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicities -- One-Time Exposures--Combined Exposures Simulating Sensitive Populations -- Repeated Exposures -- ESTABLISHED INHALATION EXPOSURE LIMITS -- EVALUATION OF TOXICITY INFORMATION.RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E ACUTE TOXICITY OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE -- PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM -- SUMMARY OF TOXICITY INFORMATION -- EFFECTS IN HUMANS -- Accidental Exposures -- Human Clinical Studies -- Epidemiological Studies -- EFFECTS IN ANIMALS -- Mortality -- Pulmonary Injury -- Effects on Lung Function -- Effects on Lung Biochemistry -- Host Defense Mechanisms -- Extrapulmonary Effects -- ESTABLISHED INHALATION EXPOSURE LIMITS -- EVALUATION OF TOXICITY INFORMATION -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix F ACUTE TOXICITY OF NITRIC ACID -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- OCCURRENCE AND USE -- PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM -- SUMMARY OF TOXICITY INFORMATION -- EFFECTS IN HUMANS -- EFFECTS IN ANIMALS -- ESTABLISHED INHALATION EXPOSURE LIMITS -- EVALUATION OF TOXICITY INFORMATION -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES.Rockets (Aeronautics)FuelToxicologyToxicologyDose-response relationshipHydrogen chlorideToxicologyNitrogen dioxideToxicologyRockets (Aeronautics)FuelToxicology.ToxicologyDose-response relationship.Hydrogen chlorideToxicology.Nitrogen dioxideToxicology.615.9/02National Research Council (U.S.).Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910828722303321Assessment of exposure-response functions for rocket-emission toxicants4115536UNINA