07948nam 2200685Ia 450 991082834660332120200520144314.01-280-21279-997866102127980-309-58238-50-585-08462-9(CKB)110986584750938(OCoLC)614664657(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055345(SSID)ssj0000106830(PQKBManifestationID)11140632(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000106830(PQKBWorkID)10110635(PQKB)10720754(MiAaPQ)EBC3376276(Au-PeEL)EBL3376276(CaPaEBR)ebr10055345(CaONFJC)MIL21279(OCoLC)923262516(EXLCZ)9911098658475093819900813d1990 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAssessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf environment studies programIPhysical oceanography /Physical Oceanography Panel, Committee to Review the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19901 online resource (143 pages) illustrations, mapsPanel chairman: Maurice Rattray, Jr."Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, contract no. 14-12-001-30342."0-309-04181-3 Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-126).Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE PRESENT STUDY -- ACQUISITION AND USE OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC INFORMATION BY THE ESP -- CONCLUSIONS -- Physical Oceanographic Processes And Models Of Importance To The Esp -- Regional Oceanography -- Evaluation Of Regional Programs And Washington Office Programs -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES -- Management Of OCS Activities -- Extent of the Leasing Program -- Environmental Concerns Resulting from OCS Activities -- MMS'S ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM -- Mandate -- History of the Environmental Studies Program -- THE PRESENT STUDY -- PLANNING AND PROCUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES -- Development of a Studies Plan -- Implementation of Studies According to Lease-Sale Schedules -- WHY MMS NEEDS PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC INFORMATION -- ACQUISITION AND USE OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC INFORMATION -- WHAT INFORMATION IS NEEDED -- Information Needed for Leasing Decisions -- Information Needed for Development and Production Decisions -- Criteria for Judging Adequacy of Scientific Information -- 2 State-of-the-Art Overview: Physical Oceanographic Processes, Features, and Methods of Potential I... -- INTRODUCTION -- The Problem of Assessing Impacts of Oil Exploration: A Physical Oceanographic Perspective -- Transport Processes in the Water Column -- Sediment Transport Processes -- Space and Time Scales -- Forcing Mechanisms -- Oil Spill and Circulation Models -- Scope of the Overview -- TRANSPORT, STIRRING, AND MIXING PROCESSES -- Wind Stress-Drag Coefficient and Space and Time Resolution -- Surface Wind Drift and Ekman Dynamics -- Definition Of The Mixed Layer -- Mixed Layer Turbulence -- Surface Waves and Stokes Drift -- Response To Severe Storms -- Organized Motions.Diurnal Cycle and Shallowing Mixed Layers -- Monitoring -- Coastal-Trapped Waves -- Mean-Flow Generation -- Interactions Of Western Boundary Currents With Shelves -- Mesoscale Features: Jets, Eddies, Squirts, And Filaments -- Fronts And Convergences -- Cross-Shelf Transport -- Buoyancy-Driven Flows -- Tides -- Internal Waves -- Lagrangian Motions -- NUMERICAL MODELS -- Circulation Modeling -- Testing Of Numerical Models -- Modeling The Spreading And Dispersion Of Oil -- Spreading -- Dispersion -- SEA ICE -- Ice Modeling -- Ice-Oil Interaction -- Numerical Models Including Oil-Ice Interactions -- SEDIMENT TRANSPORT -- Bottom Boundary Layer and Transport of Suspended Materials -- Sediment Transport and The Effect of Oil -- 3 Regional Oceanography and Evaluation of The Regional Studies Programs and Washington Office Gener... -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ALASKA REGION -- Meteorology and Circulation -- Gulf of Alaska -- Meteorology -- Circulation -- Interannual Variability -- Bering Sea -- Meteorology -- Circulation -- Interannual Variability -- Hydrography -- The Arctic Chukchi Sea and Bering Strait -- The Arctic: Beaufort Sea -- Meteorology -- Circulation -- Orography -- Sea Ice in Alaskan Waters -- Evaluation of Mms-Funded Research in the Alaska Region -- Synopsis -- Gulf of Alaska -- Bering Sea -- Arctic -- Sea Ice -- Evaluation of Observational Studies -- Evaluation of Modeling Studies -- THE PACIFIC REGION -- Meteorology and Circulation -- Mean and Seasonal Winds -- Circulation -- El Nino-Southern Oscillations and Interannual Variations -- Upwelling and Associated Events -- Internal Waves -- Bottom Boundary Layer -- Topographic Effects-Canyons and Capes -- Modeling -- Evaluation of Mms-Funded Research in the Pacific Region -- History of Mms-Funded Research in the Pacific Region -- Evaluation of Observational Studies -- Evaluation Of Modeling Studies.THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION -- Meteorology and Circulation -- Meteorology -- Circulation -- General Circulation Features -- Major Circulation Features -- Shelf Circulation -- Evaluation of MMS-Funded Research in the Gulf of Mexico Region Observational Studies -- Observational Studies -- Eastern Gulf Of Mexico -- Western Gulf of Mexico -- North-Central Gulf of Mexico -- Evaluation of Observational Studies -- Modeling Studies -- Southwest Florida Shelf Model -- Texas-Louisiana Shelf Model -- Basin-wide Circulation Model -- Evaluation of Modeling Studies -- THE ATLANTIC REGION -- Meteorology and Circulation -- Meteorology -- Circulation -- The South Atlantic Bight -- The Mid-Atlantic Bight And Georges Bank -- Evaluation of MMS-funded Research in the Atlantic Region -- History of MMS-funded Research in the Atlantic Region -- Evaluation of Observational Studies -- Evaluation of Modeling Studies -- Environmental Impact Statements -- THE WASHINGTON OFFICE -- 4 Conclusion and Recommendations -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE ESP -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acquisition and Use of Physical Oceanographic Information -- Physical Oceanographic Models and Processes of Importance to the Esp -- Regional Oceanography -- Evaluation of Regional Programs -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A Glossary Of Physical Oceanography Terms -- Appendix B Workshop On Modeling In Physical Oceanography -- Physical Oceanography Panel Workshop On Oil-Spill Modeling August 5-6, 1987 -- Participants -- Workshop Recommendations -- Appendix C Physical Oceanography Study Contracts Awarded By The Minerals Management Service 1973-1989.Physical oceanographyContinental shelfEnvironmental aspectsUnited StatesOceanographyOffshore oil industryEnvironmental aspectsUnited StatesOffshore gas industryEnvironmental aspectsUnited StatesContinental shelfEnvironmental aspectsOceanography.Offshore oil industryEnvironmental aspectsOffshore gas industryEnvironmental aspects333.8/2314/0973Rattray Maurice1661735MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910828346603321Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf environment studies program4017852UNINA