10084nam 2200601 a 450 991082753970332120240416235224.00-309-17638-71-280-19324-797866101932400-309-57777-20-585-02342-5(CKB)110986584751576(OCoLC)647367883(CaPaEBR)ebrary10057049(SSID)ssj0000222462(PQKBManifestationID)11191473(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000222462(PQKBWorkID)10169818(PQKB)11564061(MiAaPQ)EBC3376771(Au-PeEL)EBL3376771(CaPaEBR)ebr10057049(OCoLC)814271604(EXLCZ)9911098658475157619941025d1995 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrPlasma science from fundamental research to technological applications /Panel on Opportunities in Plasma Science and Technology, Plasma Science Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Pressc19951 online resource (230 p.) "This project was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG05-88ER53279, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-9100105, and the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-J-1728"--T.p. verso.0-309-05231-9 Plasma Science -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- FINDINGS -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- PART I Overview -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF PLASMA SCIENCE IN OUR SOCIETY -- THE DISCIPLINE OF PLASMA SCIENCE -- COMMON RESEARCH THEMES -- Wave-Particle Interactions and Plasma Heating -- Chaos, Turbulence, and Transport -- Plasma Sheaths and Boundary Layers -- Magnetic Reconnection and Dynamo Action -- RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN PLASMA SCIENCE -- Basic Plasma Experiments -- Theory and Computational Plasma Physics -- Education in Plasma Science -- SUMMARY OF TOPICAL AREAS -- LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS -- NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS -- INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION -- MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT FUSION -- BEAMS, ACCELERATORS, AND COHERENT RADIATION SOURCES -- SPACE PLASMAS -- ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS -- CENTRAL MESSAGES OF THIS REPORT -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- PART II Topical Areas -- 1 Low-Temperature Plasmas -- INTRODUCTION -- LIGHTING -- GAS DISCHARGE LASERS -- PLASMA ISOTOPE SEPARATION -- PLASMAS FOR ELECTRIC PROPULSION OF SPACE VEHICLES -- MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS -- PLASMAS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND REDUCTION -- PLASMA PROCESSING OF MATERIALS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- 2 Nonneutral Plasmas -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES IN NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS -- Electron Plasmas -- Ion Plasmas -- Ion Plasmas in Electron-Beam Ion Traps -- Confinement of Antimatter -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES -- Coherent Structures and Vortex Dynamics -- Transport Processes -- Confinement Properties in Nonaxisymmetric Geometries -- Stochastic Effects -- Strongly Coupled Nonneutral Plasmas -- Quantum-Mechanical Effects -- Antimatter -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY -- Precision Clocks -- Precision Mass Spectrometry -- Ion Sources with Enhanced Brightness -- Electron-Beam Ion Traps.Radiation Sources -- Pressure Standard in Ultrahigh-Vacuum Regime -- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Inertial Confinement Fusion -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES -- Laser Fusion -- Ion-Beam Fusion -- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 Magnetic Confinement Fusion -- INTRODUCTION -- MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AND STABILITY -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- TOKAMAK TRANSPORT -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- EDGE AND DIVERTOR PHYSICS -- Introduction and Background -- Recent Advances -- Future Research and Technical Opportunities -- PLASMA HEATING AND NON-INDUCTIVE CURRENT DRIVE -- Neutral-Beam Heating and Current Drive -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- Radio-Frequency Heating and Current Drive -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- DIAGNOSTIC DEVELOPMENT -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- NON-TOKAMAK CONCEPTS -- Introduction and Background -- Recent Advances -- Future Prospects -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 Beams, Accelerators, and Coherent Radiation Sources -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES -- Intense Charged-Particle Beams -- Accelerators -- Coherent Radiation Sources -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Space Plasmas -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Status -- TOOLS FOR SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS -- Space-Based Techniques -- Ground-Based Techniques -- Plasma Theory and Simulations -- Laboratory Techniques -- FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN SPACE PLASMAS -- Wave-Particle Interactions -- Charged-Particle and Plasma Energization -- Dust-Plasma Interactions -- The Critical Ionization Velocity Effect -- Radiation Processes.ACTIVE EXPERIMENTS -- Plasma and Neutral Mass Injections -- Particle Beam Experiments -- Wave Injection Experiments -- Vehicle-Environment Interactions -- FUTURE PLANS AND OPPORTUNITIES -- In Situ Observations -- In Situ Experiments -- Terrestrial Observation Networks -- Laboratory Experiments -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 7 Plasma Astrophysics -- RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- Magnetized Disks, Winds, and Jets -- Particle Acceleration in Shocks -- Magnetized Convection in Stars -- Formation of Low-Mass Stars -- PROBLEMS IN PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- Dense Stellar Plasmas -- Thermal Conduction in Plasmas -- Structure of Collisionless Shocks -- Acceleration of Particles to High Energies -- Hydromagnetic Turbulence -- Magnetic Reconnection -- The Magnetization of the Universe -- Laboratory Experiments -- TRAINING IN PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- FUNDING FOR PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Recommendation -- PART III Board Areas of Plasma Science -- 8 Basic Plasma Experiments -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- OVERVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS -- Basic Plasma Experiments -- Wave Phenomena -- Bernstein Waves. -- Mode Conversion. -- Wave-Particle Interactions -- Magnetically Trapped Particle Instabilities. -- Lower Hybrid Wave Current Drive. -- Beat Wave Excitation and Particle Acceleration. -- Nonlinear Phenomena -- Double Layers. -- Ponderomotive Forces and the Filamentation of Electromagnetic Radiation. -- Magnetic Field Line Reconnection. -- Plasma Reorganization. -- Chaos and Turbulence -- Chaos. -- Quasilinear Effects and Single-Wave Stochasticity. -- Collisionless Heat Transport. -- Strong Langmuir Turbulence. -- Experimental Techniques and Capabilities -- Plasma Sources -- Mechanical Probes -- Laser-Based Optical Diagnostics -- Data Acquisition and Processing -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES.Fundamental Plasma Processes -- Wave Phenomena -- Alfven Waves. -- Wave-Plasma Interactions. -- Intense Laser-Plasma Interactions. -- Chaos, Turbulence, and Localized Structures -- Nonlinear Particle Dynamics and Chaos. -- Nonlinear Wave Phenomena. -- Turbulence. -- Turbulent Transport. -- Sheaths, Boundary Layers, and Double Layers. -- Shock Waves. -- Striated Plasmas. -- Flows in Magnetized Plasmas. -- Plasmoids. -- Magnetic Effects -- Magnetic Field Line Reconnection. -- Dynamo Action. -- Magnetic Reconfiguration. -- New Experimental Capabilities -- Use of Nanotechnology -- Optical Diagnostics -- New Regimes of Plasma Parameters -- Data Acquisition -- Massively Parallel Plasma Diagnostics -- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 9 Theoretical and Computational Plasma Physics -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL PLASMA PHYSICS -- Hamiltonian Transport -- Coherent Structures and Self-Organization -- Strong Plasma Turbulence -- Gyrokinetics -- Large-Orbit Effects on Plasma Stability -- Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics -- Numerical Simulation of Plasma Processes -- Nonlinear Laser-Plasma Interaction -- Nonlinear Processes in Ionospheric Plasmas -- Collisional Relaxation of Nonneutral Plasmas -- Free-electron Lasers and High-Power Microwave Sources -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES -- Basic Plasma Theory and Applications to Laboratory Plasmas -- Nonlinear Plasma Processes -- Numerical Simulation -- Novel Analytical Techniques -- Boundary Layers -- Kinetic Theory -- Stochastic Effects in Evolving Plasmas -- Alpha-Particle Effects in Magnetically Confined Plasmas -- Concept Improvement -- Nonlinear Interaction of Intense Electromagnetic Waves with Plasmas -- Current-Carrying Plasmas with Flow -- Engineering Design Tools -- Space Plasmas -- Magnetic Reconnection -- Turbulence -- Large-Scale Flows.Particle Acceleration -- Plasma Confinement and Transport -- Collisionless Shocks -- Chaotic Effects -- Summary -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 10 Education in Plasma Science -- DEGREE PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS -- ESTIMATE OF FUTURE SUPPLY OF PLASMA PHYSICISTS -- EDUCATING NON-PLASMA STUDENTS IN PLASMA PHYSICS -- GENERAL COMMENTS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- PART IV Conclusion -- APPENDICES -- A Federal Funding Data -- B Letters to Funding Agencies -- C List of Agencies Contacted.Plasma (Ionized gases)ResearchPlasma (Ionized gases)Research.530.4/4National Research Council (U.S.).Panel on Opportunities in Plasma Science and TechnologyMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910827539703321Plasma science2729767UNINA