01712nam 2200421 a 450 991069597870332120070717071041.0(CKB)5470000002374011(OCoLC)156143816(EXLCZ)99547000000237401120070717d2007 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierMedicare Part D low-income subsidy[electronic resource] progress made in approving applications, but ability to identify remaining individuals is limited : testimony before the Senate Committee on Finance /statement of Barbara Bovbjerg[Washington, D.C.] :U.S. Govt. Accountability Office,[2007]16 pages digital, PDF fileTestimony ;GAO-07-858 TTitle from title screen (viewed on July 3, 2007)."For release ... May 8, 2007."Paper version available from: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 441 G St., NW, Rm. LM, Washington, D.C. 20548.Includes bibliographical references.Medicare Part D low-income subsidy Medicare beneficiariesPoorPharmaceutical assistanceUnited StatesMedicare beneficiaries.PoorPharmaceutical assistanceBovbjerg Barbara D1380758United States.Congress.Senate.Committee on Finance.United States.Government Accountability Office.GPOGPOBOOK9910695978703321Medicare Part D low-income subsidy3461741UNINA04436nam 2200577 450 991082241010332120240220132044.01-118-69796-01-118-69798-71-118-69797-9(CKB)2550000001127228(EBL)1443900(OCoLC)859835742(MiAaPQ)EBC1443900(DLC) 2013028461(Au-PeEL)EBL1443900(CaPaEBR)ebr10780739(CaONFJC)MIL527892(EXLCZ)99255000000112722820130708d2014 uy| 0engur|n|---|||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierMaking the modern world materials and dematerialization /Vaclav SmilChichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom :John Wiley & Sons Inc.,2014.1 online resource (243 p.)Includes index.1-119-94253-5 1-299-96641-1 Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Preface: Why and How; Chapter 1 What Gets Included; Chapter 2 How We Got Here; 2.1 Materials Used by Organisms; 2.2 Materials in Prehistory; 2.3 Ancient and Medieval Materials; 2.4 Materials in the Early Modern Era; 2.5 Creating Modern Material Civilization; 2.6 Materials in the Twentieth Century; Chapter 3 What Matters Most; 3.1 Biomaterials; 3.2 Construction Materials; 3.3 Metals; 3.4 Plastics; 3.5 Industrial Gases; 3.6 Fertilizers; 3.7 Materials in Electronics; Chapter 4 How the Materials Flow; 4.1 Material Flow Accounts; 4.2 America's Material Flows4.3 European Balances4.4 Materials in China's Modernization; 4.5 Energy Cost of Materials; 4.6 Life-Cycle Assessments; 4.7 Recycling; Chapter 5 Are We Dematerializing?; 5.1 Apparent Dematerializations; 5.2 Relative Dematerializations: Specific Weight Reductions; 5.3 Consequences of Dematerialization; 5.4 Relative Dematerialization in Modern Economies; 5.5 Declining Energy Intensities; 5.6 Decarbonization and Desulfurization; Chapter 6 Material Outlook; 6.1 Natural Resources; 6.2 Wasting Less; 6.3 New Materials and Dematerialization; 6.4 Chances of Fundamental Departures; References; Index"How much further should the affluent world push its material consumption? Does relative dematerialization lead to absolute decline in demand for materials? These and many other questions are discussed and answered in Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization.Over the course of time, the modern world has become dependent on unprecedented flows of materials. Now even the most efficient production processes and the highest practical rates of recycling may not be enough to result in dematerialization rates that would be high enough to negate the rising demand for materials generated by continuing population growth and rising standards of living. This book explores the costs of this dependence and the potential for substantial dematerialization of modern economies. Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization considers the principal materials used throughout history, from wood and stone, through to metals, alloys, plastics, and silicon, describing their extraction and production as well as their dominant applications. The evolving productivities of material extraction, processing, synthesis, finishing, and distribution, and the energy costs and environmental impact of rising material consumption are examined in detail. The book concludes with an outlook for the future, discussing the prospects for dematerialization and potential constraints on materials.This interdisciplinary text will provide useful perspectives for readers with backgrounds including resource economics, environmental studies, energy analysis, mineral geology, industrial organization, manufacturing, and material science"--Provided by publisher.Waste minimizationMaterialsRaw materialsWaste minimization.Materials.Raw materials.306.3TEC021000bisacshSmil Vaclav140188MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910822410103321Making the modern world3990125UNINA