03731nam 2200589Ia 450 991081870610332120230417210405.0(CKB)1000000000450597(EBL)3377805(SSID)ssj0000181063(PQKBManifestationID)11165476(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000181063(PQKBWorkID)10168146(PQKB)10044563(OCoLC)560535074(MiAaPQ)EBC3377805(EXLCZ)99100000000045059720050324d1999 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierInternational benchmarking of US immunology research /Panel on International Benchmarking of US Immunology Research, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of MedicineWashington, DC National Academy Press19991 online resource (60 pages) illustrations"Prepublication copy."0-309-58443-4 Includes bibliographical references.""INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF US IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH""; ""Copyright""; ""PREFACE""; ""CONTENTS""; ""EXECUTIVE SUMMARY""; ""1 INTRODUCTION""; ""1.1 HOW IMPORTANT IS IT FOR THE UNITED STATES TO LEAD IN IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH?""; ""1.2 WHAT IS IMMUNOLOGY?""; ""1.3 IMMUNOLOGY AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE""; ""1.4 WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL NATURE OF IMMUNOLOGY?""; ""1.5 WHAT ARE SOME CAVEATS?""; ""1.6 PANEL CHARGE AND RATIONALE""; ""2 BENCHMARKING RESULTS""; ""2.1 METHODS""; ""2.1.1 Reputation Survey""; ""2.1.2 Citation Analysis""; ""2.1.3 Journal Publication Analysis""; ""2.2 RESULTS""""2.2.1 Reputation Survey"" ""2.2.2 Citation Analysis""; ""2.2.3 Journal Publication Analysis""; ""2.3 SUMMARY""; ""3 KEY FACTORS""; ""3.1 FUNDING""; ""3.2 HUMAN RESOURCES""; ""3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE""; ""3.4 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS""; ""3.5 THE CLINICAL TRIAL""; ""4 LIKELY FUTURE POSITION""; ""4.1 FUNDING AND RESOURCE LIMITATIONS""; ""4.2 INCREASED COMPETITION FROM EUROPE AND OTHER COUNTRIES""; ""4.3 CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND THE SHIFT TOWARD HMOS""; ""4.4 TRAINING OF US STUDENTS""; ""5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS""""5.1 THE UNITED STATES IS THE WORLD LEADER IN ALL THE MAJOR SUBFIELDS OF IMMUNOLOGY BUT IS ONLY AMONG THE WORLD LEADERS IN""""5.2 FLEXIBILITY TO PURSUE ORIGINAL AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IDEAS HAS ATTRACTED BOTH DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN""; ""5.3 INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS HAVE FOSTERED MANY STRIKING BREAKTHROUGHS IN IMMUNOLOGY""; ""5.4 A SCARCITY OF LARGE-SCALE CLINICAL TRIALS IN IMMUNOLOGY CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO SHORTAGES OF FUNDING AND OF QUALIFIED""; ""5.5 SHIFTING FEDERAL AND INDUSTRY PRIORITIES, A POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN ACCESS TO DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TALENT, AND THE""; ""REFERENCES""""APPENDIX PANEL AND STAFF BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION""; ""STAFF""ImmunologyResearchImmunityImmunochemistryImmunogeneticsBenchmarking (Management)ImmunologyResearch.Immunity.Immunochemistry.Immunogenetics.Benchmarking (Management)616.079072Panel on International Benchmarking of US Immunology Research.Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.)MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910818706103321International benchmarking of US immunology research4118625UNINA