04411nam 2200829 450 991078753120332120230803031310.00-8014-6905-80-8014-5195-70-8014-6906-610.7591/9780801469060(CKB)2670000000419140(OCoLC)859229486(CaPaEBR)ebrary10756205(SSID)ssj0001083667(PQKBManifestationID)11631535(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001083667(PQKBWorkID)11022080(PQKB)10889046(MiAaPQ)EBC3138518(OCoLC)1132222749(MdBmJHUP)muse58429(DE-B1597)515862(DE-B1597)9780801469060(Au-PeEL)EBL3138518(CaPaEBR)ebr10756205(CaONFJC)MIL683504(EXLCZ)99267000000041914020130110d2013 uy| 0engurcnu||||||||txtccrScrambling for Africa AIDS, expertise, and the rise of American global health science /Johanna Tayloe CraneIthaca :Cornell University Press,2013.1 online resource (225 p.)Expertise : cultures and technologies of knowledgeBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph1-322-52222-7 0-8014-7917-7 Includes bibliographical references and index.Resistant to treatment -- The molecular politics of HIV -- The turn towards Africa -- Research and development -- Doing global health.Countries in sub-Saharan Africa were once dismissed by Western experts as being too poor and chaotic to benefit from the antiretroviral drugs that transformed the AIDS epidemic in the United States and Europe. Today, however, the region is courted by some of the most prestigious research universities in the world as they search for "resource-poor" hospitals in which to base their international HIV research and global health programs. In Scrambling for Africa, Johanna Tayloe Crane reveals how, in the space of merely a decade, Africa went from being a continent largely excluded from advancements in HIV medicine to an area of central concern and knowledge production within the increasingly popular field of global health science.Drawing on research conducted in the U.S. and Uganda during the mid-2000s, Crane provides a fascinating ethnographic account of the transnational flow of knowledge, politics, and research money-as well as blood samples, viruses, and drugs. She takes readers to underfunded Ugandan HIV clinics as well as to laboratories and conference rooms in wealthy American cities like San Francisco and Seattle where American and Ugandan experts struggle to forge shared knowledge about the AIDS epidemic. The resulting uncomfortable mix of preventable suffering, humanitarian sentiment, and scientific ambition shows how global health research partnerships may paradoxically benefit from the very inequalities they aspire to redress. A work of outstanding interdisciplinary scholarship, Scrambling for Africa will be of interest to audiences in anthropology, science and technology studies, African studies, and the medical humanities.Expertise (Ithaca, N.Y.)Medical anthropologyUgandaAIDS (Disease)ResearchUgandaMedical assistance, AmericanUgandaAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeepidemiologyHIV InfectionsepidemiologyAnthropology, MedicalGlobal HealthInternational CooperationAfricaepidemiologyUnited StatesMedical anthropologyAIDS (Disease)ResearchMedical assistance, AmericanAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndromeepidemiology.HIV Infectionsepidemiology.Anthropology, Medical.Global Health.International Cooperation.306.4/61096761Crane Johanna Tayloe1538696MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910787531203321Scrambling for Africa3788966UNINA07182nam 2200505 450 991081866000332120221010014515.01-78821-490-0(MiAaPQ)EBC6913800(Au-PeEL)EBL6913800(CKB)21363804600041(OCoLC)1305842099(EXLCZ)992136380460004120221010d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierIn defence of philanthropy /Beth BreezeNewcastle upon Tyne :Agenda Publishing,[2021]©20211 online resource (183 pages)Print version: Breeze, Beth In Defence of Philanthropy Newcastle Upon Tyne : Agenda Publishing,c2021 Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: the need for a defence of philanthropy -- The need for a defence of philanthropy -- My interest in understanding philanthropy -- The empirical basis for this book -- Criticism and generalized cynicism affect both askers and givers -- A justification of the role, purpose and value of philanthropy in society -- The problematic consequence of damaging the reputation of philanthropy -- Three critiques of philanthropy -- When and why did hyper-criticism of philanthropy emerge? -- The successful landing of hyper-criticism -- The need for scrutiny and constructive critiques -- How the Covid-19 pandemic highlights the need for careful consideration of criticism -- The positive potential of philanthropy -- 1 What is philanthropy? -- The roles and impacts of philanthropy across time -- The ongoing contested terrain of philanthropy -- A diversity of causes and contexts -- Changes in who is called a "philanthropist" -- Changes in philanthropy causes and beneficiaries over time -- Philanthropic motivation over time -- The logic of philanthropy, the collective action problem and the impossibility of free gifts -- Explanations for the existence of the contemporary philanthropy sector -- The philanthropy paradox: greater public support for philanthropy than for philanthropists -- Longstanding mixed motives and the problem of generalizing about philanthropy -- Philanthropy's greatest achievements -- Historic greatest achievements -- Modern greatest achievements -- Reflections on philanthropic achievements and how they relate to critics' concerns -- Conclusion -- 2 Is philanthropy really under attack? -- Philanthropists have not enjoyed ceaseless praise to date -- Criticism of philanthropists varies across cultural contexts.The longstanding nature of attacks on philanthropy -- Attacks on philanthropy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries -- Attacks on philanthropy in the nineteenth century -- Attacks on philanthropy in the twentieth century -- Attacks on philanthropy in the twenty-first century -- Philanthropy in contemporary popular culture -- Summary of concerns raised about philanthropy: continuity and change -- Conclusion -- 3 The academic critique -- The academic critique of philanthropy -- Philanthropy is undemocratic -- Philanthropy is an exercise in power -- Philanthropy is insufficiently concerned with inequality -- Defending philanthropy against the academic critique -- The defence against the claim that philanthropy is undemocratic -- The gadfly defence -- The distinct and legitimate role of philanthropy -- Charity tax breaks are a tiny fraction of all fiscal incentives -- Charity tax breaks are decided by democratically elected bodies -- Charity tax breaks increase giving and are helpful for the demand side of philanthropy -- Against the claim that philanthropy is an exercise in power -- Against the claim that philanthropy is insufficiently concerned with inequality -- The "dead hand" of philanthropy or government -- Embracing the paradox of philanthropy -- The problematic consequences of the academic critique -- Conclusion -- 4 The insider critique -- The insider critique of philanthropy -- Scientific philanthropy -- Strategic philanthropy -- Philanthrocapitalism -- Effective altruism -- Defending philanthropy against the insider critique -- The normative challenge -- The reductionist challenge -- The attribution challenge -- The problematic consequences of the insider critique -- Delaying and deterring giving -- Increases the costs of fundraising and running a charity -- "Personal" philanthropy results in greater good -- Conclusion.5 The populist critique -- The populist critique of philanthropy -- Philanthropy involves hidden interests -- Philanthropists are hypocritical -- Philanthropy creates material benefits for the donor -- Media coverage and the populist critique -- Defending philanthropy against the populist critique -- The populist critique promotes unhelpful and unfair caricatures of rich donors -- How philanthropists describe their motivation and philanthropic goals -- Donor motivations beyond the caricature -- Donor explanations for giving -- Anonymous giving and the caricature of conspicuous consumption -- Recognizing donors: the graffiti of government -- Challenging the "reputation-washing" caricature -- Populist critiques overlook ongoing efforts to improve philanthropic practice -- Cultural approval of philanthropy is related to donors' wealth -- The problematic consequences of the populist critique -- Conclusion -- 6 Why do attacks on philanthropy stick and what can be done about it? -- Do big donors have the means to cause harm? -- Do big donors have the motive to cause harm? -- Do big donors have the opportunity to cause harm? -- Reasons why attacks on philanthropy and philanthropists stick -- Do-gooder derogation: the preference for Goldilocks givers -- A nuanced response to critiques of philanthropy -- End ahistorical, unnuanced and ad hominem attacks on philanthropists -- Disentangle critiques of philanthropy from critiques of wealth and inequality -- Improve the practice of philanthropy -- Three ways to improve philanthropic practice -- Conclusion: in praise of philanthropy -- Philanthropy is not perfect but it has distinct value that is worth defending and celebrating -- Need for nuance, avoidance of generalizations and awareness of American exceptionalism -- We need more, not fewer, philanthropists: the billion dollar - or 2.5 trillion dollar - question.Noah's principle: credit only for building arks -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.An impassioned defence of the role of philanthropy in society.PhilanthropistsHumanitarianismSocial aspectsCharitiesSocial aspectsPhilanthropists.HumanitarianismSocial aspects.CharitiesSocial aspects.361.74Breeze Beth786990MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910818660003321In defence of philanthropy3967487UNINA