04562nam 2200625 a 450 991081771340332120200520144314.00-309-17323-X1-280-18613-597866101861360-309-57080-80-585-05769-9(CKB)110986584752512(OCoLC)42855231(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056917(SSID)ssj0000138793(PQKBManifestationID)11132672(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000138793(PQKBWorkID)10100982(PQKB)10205821(MiAaPQ)EBC3376641(Au-PeEL)EBL3376641(CaPaEBR)ebr10056917(OCoLC)940510322(EXLCZ)9911098658475251219990419d1998 ua 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierDietary reference intakes a risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients /Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19981 online resource (x, 71 pages) illustrationsCompass seriesBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-309-06348-5 Includes bibliographical references.Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT ARE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES? -- Recommended Dietary Allowance -- Process for Setting the RDA -- Adequate Intake -- Tolerable Upper Intake Level -- APPROACH FOR SETTING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES, INCLUDING TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS -- Terminology -- Concept -- MODEL FOR THE DERIVATION OF TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS -- RISK ASSESSMENT AND FOOD SAFETY -- Basic Concepts -- Steps in the Risk Assessment Process -- Thresholds -- APPLICATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO NUTRIENTS -- Special Problems Associated with Substances Required for Human Nutrition -- Consideration of Variability in Sensitivity -- Bioavailability -- Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions -- Other Relevant Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Nutrients -- STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL -- Step 1. Hazard Identification -- Step 2. Dose-Response Assessment -- Data Selection -- Identification of NOAEL (or LOAEL) and Critical Endpoint -- Uncertainty Assessment -- Characterization of the Estimate and Special Considerations -- DERIVATION OF ULS: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS TO DATE -- Derivation of UFs -- Derivation of a UL -- Derivation of a UL for Other Groups -- References -- Appendix A Recommended Dietary Intakes for Individuals -- Appendix B Options for Dealing with Uncertainties -- References -- Appendix C Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults -- Appendix D Case Studies of Application of Risk Assessment Model for Nutrients -- A. Calcium -- Hazard Identification -- Nephrolithiasis -- Hypercalcemia and Renal Insufficiency (Milk-Alkali Syndrome) -- Calcium/Mineral Interactions.Dose-Response Assessment -- Adults: Ages 19 through 70 Years -- Infants: Ages 0 through 12 Months -- Toddlers, Children, and Adolescents: Ages 1 through 18 years -- Older Adults: Ages &gt -- 70 Years -- Pregnancy and Lactation -- Special Considerations -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- B. Folate -- Hazard Identification -- Adverse Effects -- Summary -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Adults -- Folate UL Summary, Adults -- Other Life Stage Groups -- Special Considerations -- Intake Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- C. Riboflavin -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Special Considerations -- Intake Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- Appendix E Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients -- FNB Staff.Compass series (Washington, D.C.)DietNutritionDiet.Nutrition.613.2Institute of Medicine (U.S.).Food and Nutrition Board.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910817713403321Dietary reference intakes3920872UNINA