05587nam 2200601 a 450 991081700010332120240410172130.01-61728-396-7(CKB)2560000000015785(EBL)3020776(SSID)ssj0000416734(PQKBManifestationID)12101321(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000416734(PQKBWorkID)10422226(PQKB)11429800(MiAaPQ)EBC3020776(Au-PeEL)EBL3020776(CaPaEBR)ebr10680914(OCoLC)665827898(EXLCZ)99256000000001578520120301d2009 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrEmissions trading[electronic resource] lessons learned from the European Union and Kyoto Protocol climate change programs /Ervin Nagy and Gisella Varga, editors1st ed.New York Nova Science Publishers, Inc.c20091 online resource (145 p.)Climate change and its causes, effects and prediction seriesDescription based upon print version of record.1-60741-194-6 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- EMISSIONS TRADING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEANUNION AND KYOTO PROTOCOL CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE EU EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME (ETS):KYOTO AND BEYOND -- ABSTRACT -- OVERVIEW -- NATIONAL ALLOCATION PLANS AND THE ETS -- Need for Further Emissions Reductions -- Need to Adjust ETS Allocations -- ISSUES ARISING IN PHASE 2 NAPS FOR THE ETS -- Supplementarity -- Auction Policy -- New Entrant Reserves -- Auction Policy -- New Entrant Reserves -- Closure Policy -- Benchmarking -- Allocation and Energy Policy -- LOOKING TO PHASE III -- Eliminating NAPs -- Expanding Coverage -- Auctions -- SUMMARY AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR U.S.CAP-AND-TRADE PROPOSALS -- Emission Inventories and Target Setting -- Coverage -- Allocation Schemes -- Flexibility and Price Volatility -- REFERENCES -- CLIMATE CHANGE: THE EUROPEAN UNION'S EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM(EU-ETS) -- ABSTRACT -- OVERVIEW -- IMPLEMENTING THE ETS:NATIONAL ALLOCATION PLANS -- RESULTS FROM THE FIRST YEAR -- Emissions Levels -- Market Activity, Prices, and Impact -- Use of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)and Joint Implementation (JI) -- ISSUES -- Tightening of Emissions Caps -- Harmonizing NAPs -- New Entrants -- Definition of Affected Units -- Expansion of Coverage -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX: NORWAY'S TRADING SYSTEM -- REFERENCES -- INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION'S EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL'S CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM* -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- EU EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME ESTABLISHED A CARBONMARKET AND PROVIDES LESSONS THAT COULD INFORMU.S. DECISION MAKING ON CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY -- Creation of the ETS Established a Market for Carbon Allowances.The Effect of ETS Phase I on Emissions IsUncertain Because of Data Limitations -- Phase I Economic Impacts Vary by Sector butLong- Term Effects Are Uncertain -- The Effect of ETS Phase I on Technology Development andInnovation Are Uncertain but Likely Minimal -- ETS Phase I Experience Offers Key Lessons aboutProgram Design and Implementation -- Baseline Data -- Availability of data -- Specificity of data -- Program Design Features -- Emissions Cap -- Program Scope -- Allocation Method -- Risk of Leakage -- Program Timeline -- Linking -- Wealth Transfer -- THE CDM'S ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICEFFECTS PROVIDE IMPORTANT LESSONS THATCAN INFORM CONGRESSIONAL DELIBERATIONSON CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY -- The CDM Has Enabled Covered Entities to PursueLower-Cost Reductions and Involved DevelopingCountries in the Global Carbon Market -- Despite Rigorous Review Process, the NetEffect of the CDM on Emissions Is Unclear -- The CDM's Contributions to SustainableDevelopment Have Been Limited -- The Scale and Cost- Effectiveness of the CDM Is Limited by theCurrent Project-by-Project Approval Process, but ProposedReforms Could Improve Its Effectiveness -- Sectoral CDM -- Sectoral No-Lose Targets -- Programmatic CDM -- Positive Lists -- Mandatory Caps -- Discounting Credits -- Phasing out Offsets -- CDM Experience Offers Key Lessons Learned aboutProgram Design and Implementation -- Cost-Effectiveness -- Environmental Effects -- Tradeoffs and Potential Improvements -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- MATTERS FOR CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: SUMMARY OF JOINT IMPLEMENTATION -- APPENDIX III: PANEL OF EXPERTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.Climate change and its causes, effects, and prediction series.Emissions tradingEconomic aspectsEuropean Union countriesEmissions tradingLaw and legislationEuropean Union countriesClimatic changesGovernment policyEuropean Union countriesEmissions tradingEconomic aspectsEmissions tradingLaw and legislationClimatic changesGovernment policy363.738747Nagy Ervin1633881Varga Gisella1633882MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910817000103321Emissions trading3973857UNINA