01896nam 2200421 450 991081337330332120230807214843.02-335-06466-5(CKB)3790000000023524(EBL)2086677(MiAaPQ)EBC2086677(Au-PeEL)EBL2086677(OCoLC)914147999(EXLCZ)99379000000002352420200121d2015 uy 0freur|n|---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierUn livre leste monologue /Charles Monselet[Place of publication not identified] :Ligaran,[2015]©20151 online resource (40 p.)Description based upon print version of record.Couverture; Page de Copyright; Page de titre; Un livre leste; I; II Extrait : ""MADAME DE MOLANGE : Tenez, laissez-moi tranquille ; vos obsessions galantes me sont insupportables. FONTEVRAULT : Obsessions est dur... MADAME DE MOLANGE : Mais juste. FONTEVRAULT : Convenez cependant qu'en vous suppliant de « couronner ma flamme », il m'est impossible d'employer une périphrase d'un ordre plus poétique et plus convenable. ""À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARANLes éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de qualité de grands livres de la littérature classique mais également des livres rares en partenariat avec la BNF. Beaucoup de soins sont apportés à ces versioFrench drama20th centuryHistory and criticismFrench dramaHistory and criticism.842.91409Monselet Charles1825-1888,489055MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910813373303321Un livre leste4006884UNINA07312oam 22007215 450 991097201730332120240516075253.09786613100047978128310004512831000459780821386521082138652210.1596/978-0-8213-8455-8(CKB)2550000000035348(EBL)718841(OCoLC)729257487(SSID)ssj0000520780(PQKBManifestationID)12205069(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000520780(PQKBWorkID)10530189(PQKB)11491533(Au-PeEL)EBL718841(CaPaEBR)ebr10468640(CaONFJC)MIL310004(The World Bank)2011002973(US-djbf)16626825(MiAaPQ)EBC718841(Perlego)1483481(EXLCZ)99255000000003534820110127d2011 uf 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAfrica's power infrastructure : investment, integration, efficiency /Anton Eberhard ... [and others]1st ed.Washington, D.C :World Bank,[2011]copyright 2011.xxix, 317 pages illustrations ;23 cmDirections in development. InfrastructureDescription based upon print version of record.9780821384558 0821384554 Includes bibliographical references and index.Africa unplugged -- The region's underdeveloped energy resources -- The lag in installed generation capacity -- Stagnant and inequitable access to electricity services -- Unreliable electricity supply -- The prevalence of back-up generators -- Increasing use of leased emergency power -- A power crisis exacerbated by drought, conflict, and high oil prices -- High power costs that generally do not cover costs -- Deficient power infrastructure constrains social and economic development -- The promise of regional power trade -- Uneven distribution and poor economies of scale -- Despite power pools, low regional power trade -- The potential benefits of expanded regional power trading -- What regional patterns of trade would emerge? -- Water resources management and hydropower development -- Who gains most from power trade? -- How will less hydropower development influence trade flows? -- What are the environmental impacts of trading power? -- Technology choices and the clean development mechanism -- How might climate change affect power investment patterns? -- Meeting the challenges of regional integration of infrastructure -- Building a political consensus -- Strengthening regional institutions -- Setting priorities for regional infrastructure -- Facilitating project preparation and cross-border finance -- Developing regional regulatory frameworks -- Investment requirements -- Modeling investment needs -- Estimating supply needs -- Overall cost requirements -- The sapp -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- The EAPP/Nile Basin -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- WAPP -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target rate : electricity access of 54 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- CAPP -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 44 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- Strengthening sector reform and planning -- Power sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa -- Private management contracts : winning the battle, losing the war -- Sector reform, sector performance -- The search for effective hybrid markets -- Regulatory institutions may need to be redesigned -- The challenges of independent regulation -- Regulation by contract -- Outsourcing regulatory functions -- Toward better regulatory systems -- A model to fit the context -- Widening connectivity and reducing inequality -- Low electricity connection rates -- Mixed progress, despite many agencies and funds -- Inequitable access to electricity -- Affordability of electricity : subsidizing the well off -- Policy challenges for accelerating service expansion -- Don't forget the demand side of the equation -- Take a hard-headed look at affordability -- Target subsidies to promote service expansion -- Systematic planning needed for periurban and rural electrification -- Recommitting to the reform of state-owned enterprises -- Hidden costs in underperforming state-owned enterprises -- Driving down operational inefficiencies and hidden costs -- Effect of better governance on performance of state-owned utilities -- Making state-owned enterprises more effective -- Defined roles and responsibilities -- Altering the political economy around the utility -- Practical tools for improving the performance of state-owned utilities -- Closing Africa's power funding gap -- Existing spending in the power sector -- How much more can be done within the existing resource envelope? -- Increasing cost recovery -- On budget spending : raising capital budget execution -- Improving utility performance -- Savings from efficiency-oriented reforms -- Annual funding gap -- How much additional finance can be raised? -- Little scope for raising more domestic finance -- Official development assistance : sustaining the scale-up -- Non-OECD financiers will growth continue? -- Private investors : over the hill -- Local capital markets : a possibility in the medium term -- Bank lending -- Equity -- Corporate bonds -- The most promising ways to increase funds -- What else can be done? -- Taking more time -- Lowering costs through regional integration -- The way forward.Africa?s chronic power problems have escalated in recent years into a crisis affecting 30 countries, taking a heavy toll on economic growth and productivity. The region has inadequate generation capacity, limited electrification, low power consumption, unreliable services, and high costs. It also faces a power sector financing gap on the order of 21 billion a year. It spends only about a quarter of what it needs to spend on power, much of this on operating expenditure required to run the continent?s high-cost power systems, leaving little for the huge investments needed to provide a long-termWorld Bank e-Library.Rural electrificationGovernment policyAfrica, Sub-SaharanEnergy policySocial aspectsAfrica, Sub-SaharanCapital investmentsAfrica, Sub-SaharanRural electrificationGovernment policyEnergy policySocial aspectsCapital investments333.793/20967Eberhard Anton A1809764DLCDLCDLCBOOK9910972017303321Africa's power infrastructure4360713UNINA