04963nam 2200589Ia 450 991081325290332120200520144314.01-280-22165-897866102216530-309-59575-40-585-08505-6(CKB)110986584750798(OCoLC)70772996(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056781(SSID)ssj0000236825(PQKBManifestationID)11187854(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000236825(PQKBWorkID)10172996(PQKB)10615076(MiAaPQ)EBC3376508(Au-PeEL)EBL3376508(CaPaEBR)ebr10056781(OCoLC)923264349(EXLCZ)9911098658475079819870721d1987 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierResponding to changes in sea level engineering implications /Committee on Engineering Implications of Changes in Relative Mean Sea Level [and] Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19871 online resource (160 pages)Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-309-03781-6 Includes bibliography: p. 126-135 and index.Responding to Changes in Sea Level -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- 1 Relative Mean Sea Level -- PAST CHANCES IN RELATIVE MEAN SEA LEVEL -- Geologic Record of Sea Level -- Sea Level Rise in the Twentieth Century -- Range of Sea Level Estimates Available -- METHODS OF OBSERVING RELATIVE MEAN SEA LEVEL -- Two Examples -- 2 Assessment of Changes in Relative Mean Sea Level -- ESTIMATES OF FUTURE MEAN SEA LEVEL RISE -- SCENARIOS USED IN THIS REPORT -- 3 Relative Sea Level Rise Effects And Responses -- 4 Affected Hydrodynamic Processes -- STORM SURGE -- TIDAL RANGES AND CURRENTS -- WAVES -- Case A -- Case B -- 5 Effects of Sea Level Rise in the Coastal Zone -- SANDY COASTLINES -- Geologic Indicators -- Historical Records -- Techniques of Projecting Shoreline Retreat Due to Sea Level Rise -- Historical Trend Analysis -- The Bruun Rule -- Sediment Budget Approach -- Dynamic Equilibrium Model -- BLUFF AND CLIFF RETREAT -- TIDAL INLETS -- WETLANDS -- Back-Barrier Marshes -- Estuarine (Brackish) Marshes -- Tidal Freshwater Marshes -- Processes of Marsh Loss with Sea Level Rise -- Human-Induced Changes -- Prospects for Wetlands -- 6 Alternative Responses -- COASTAL STRUCTURES AND PROTECTIVE TECHNIQUES -- Groins -- Bulkheads and Sea Walls -- Revetments -- Beach Nourishment -- Method I -- Method II -- Beach Nourishment with Groins -- Perched Beach -- Offshore Breakwaters -- Storm Surge Barriers -- Other Devices -- Engineering Case Studies -- Galveston, Texas -- The Netherlands -- Miami Beach, Florida -- Harrison County, Mississippi -- Tybee Island, Georgia -- Terminal Island, California -- RETREAT -- Mechanism of Retreat -- Engineering, Geologic, and Economic Considerations -- CONTROLLING THE RATE OF SEA LEVEL RISE.7 Assessment of Response Strategies for Specific Facilities and Systems -- AIRPORTS -- LEVEES -- Existing Levees -- New Levees -- SEDIMENTATION OF SEAPORTS AND HARBORS, NAVIGATION CHANNELS, TURNING BASINS, AND DOCKING AREAS -- BREAKWATERS, SEA WALLS, AND JETTIES -- NAVIGATION GATES -- PIERS AND WHARVES -- DRY DOCKS AND WET DOCKS -- HIGHWAYS, RAILROADS, BRIDGES, AND VEHICULAR TUNNELS -- COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS -- POWER PLANTS -- PIPELINES -- FLOODING AND STORM DRAINS -- HOTELS AND MALLS -- RESIDENTIAL CENTERS -- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS -- Perched Fresh Water -- Aquifers -- Freshwater Intakes from Upstream Regions of Estuaries -- LANDFILLS AND WASTE DISPOSAL SITES -- OFFSHORE PLATFORMS AND ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS -- 8 Decisions for the Future -- STRATEGIC DECISIONS -- Economic Factors -- Long-Term Costs -- Design Life Versus Remedial Measures -- Social Factors -- Degree of Risk from Sea Level Rise -- Maintenance Capability -- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS -- Geological/Geographical Factors -- NATIONAL POLICY DECISIONS -- Coping with these trends will require -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- Appendix A Summary of Committee Expertise -- Appendix B Acknowledgments -- Index.Coastal engineeringUnited StatesSea levelUnited StatesCoastal engineeringSea level627National Research Council (U.S.).Marine Board.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910813252903321Responding to changes in sea level3924736UNINA