11827oam 2200745 a 450 991081319060332120240410170427.01-61470-071-0(CKB)2670000000136578(EBL)3019470(SSID)ssj0000690236(PQKBManifestationID)12267011(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000690236(PQKBWorkID)10623781(PQKB)11384195(MiAaPQ)EBC3019470(Au-PeEL)EBL3019470(CaPaEBR)ebr10671035(OCoLC)768111293(EXLCZ)99267000000013657820091109d2010 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierImpacts of climate change on transportation and infrastructure a Gulf Coast study /Iason Pavlopoulos, editor1st ed.New York :Nova Science Publishers,2010.1 online resource (357 pages)Climate change and its causes, effects and predictionDescription based upon print version of record.1-60741-424-4 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE A GULF COAST STUDY -- IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE A GULF COAST STUDY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY∗ -- ABSTRACT -- THE GULF COAST STUDY AREA -- Physical and Natural Environment -- The Gulf Coast Transportation Network -- THE GULF COAST CLIMATE IS CHANGING -- CLIMATE CHANGE HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR GULF COAST TRANSPORTATION -- CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS NEED TO BE INCORPORATED IN TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS -- Transportation Planning Processes -- New Approaches to Incorporate Climate Information -- Adaptation Strategies -- FUTURE RESEARCH WOULD BENEFIT DECISION MAKERS -- Chapter 1 WHY STUDY CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION? -- 1.1. THE CLIMATE IS CHANGING -- 1.2. HOW WILL CHANGES IN CLIMATE AFFECT TRANSPORTATION? -- 1.2.1. What Are the Challenges to Research? -- 1.3. STATE OF SCIENCE REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION -- 1.3.1. Overview of State of Practice -- 1.3.2. Major Sponsors Conducting Related Research -- 1.3.3. State of Technical Analysis -- 1.3.4. Impacts, Assessment, and Adaptation -- 1.3.5. Direct Climate Impacts on Transportation Addressed in Existing Literature -- Increasing Temperatures -- Increasing Precipitation -- Rising Sea Levels -- Changes in Storm Activity -- 1.3.6. Indirect Climate Impacts on Transportation Addressed in Existing Literature -- Economic -- Environmental -- Demographic -- Security -- 1.3.7. Decision Making Processes and Tools -- Institutional Changes -- Uncertainty and Probability -- Approaches to Risk Analysis and Impact Assessment -- 1.4. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM CURRENT LITERATURE ON THE STATE OF RESEARCH -- 1.5. GULF COAST STUDY SELECTION, OBJECTIVES, AND ORGANIZATION -- 1.5.1. Study Selection -- 1.5.2. Gulf Coast Study Objectives and Three Phases.1.5.3. Study Organization and Oversight -- 1.5.4. Characterizing Uncertainty -- 1.6. SOURCES -- 1.6.1. References -- 1.6.2. Background Sources -- Chapter 2 WHY STUDY THE GULF COAST? -- 2.1. OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY REGION -- 2.1.1. Regional and National Significance -- 2.1.2. Study Area Boundaries -- 2.1.3. Structure of This Chapter -- 2.2. THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN THE GULF COAST REGION -- 2.2.1. Overview of the Intermodal Transportation System in the Gulf Coast Region -- Passenger Travel -- Freight Transport -- Intermodal Facilities -- Emergency Management -- 2.2.2. Modal Characteristics -- Highways -- Highway Network and Usage -- Intermodal Connectors -- Bridges -- Other Facilities -- Transit -- Fixed Guideway (Light Rail) -- Fixed-Route Buses -- Paratransit -- Other Facilities -- Rail -- Freight Rail -- Passenger Rail -- Marine Facilities and Waterways -- Freight Handling Ports and Waterways -- Waterborne Freight Types and Volumes -- Key Commodities and Industries -- Nonfreight Marine Facilities -- Aviation -- Pipelines -- 2.3. GULF COAST PHYSICAL SETTING AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT -- 2.3.1. Geomorphology -- 2.3.2. Current Elevation and Subsidence -- 2.3.3. Sediment Erosion, Accretion, and Transport -- 2.3.4. Land Use and Land Cover -- 2.4. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING -- 2.4.1. Population and Development Trends -- 2.4.2. Employment, Businesses, and Economic Drivers -- 2.4.3. Societal Vulnerability -- 2.5. CONCLUSION -- 2.6. SOURCES -- 2.6.1. References -- 2.6.2. Background Sources -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 HOW IS THE GULF COAST CLIMATE CHANGING? -- Intended Use of Climate and Emissions Scenarios in the Context of This Report -- 3.1. TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, AND RUNOFF -- 3.1.1. Historical Data Sources -- 3.1.2. General Circulation Model Applications for the Study Area -- 3.1.3. Water-Balance Model -- 3.1.4. Temperature and Runoff Trends.3.1.5. General Circulation Model Results and Future Climate Scenarios -- 3.1.6. Changes in Daily Temperature -- 3.1.7. Changes in Specific Temperature Maxima Affecting Transportation -- 3.1.8. Increasing Daily Precipitation Extremes -- 3.2. HURRICANES AND LESS INTENSE TROPICAL STORMS -- 3.2.1. Assessing Trends in Historical Hurricane Frequency and Intensity -- 3.2.2. Gulf Coast Hurricane History -- 3.2.3. HURASIM: Model Application -- 3.2.4. Historical Storm Frequency Across the Northern Gulf Coast Study Region -- 3.2.5. Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Hurricane Landfall -- 3.2.6. Patterns of Hurricane Wind Direction -- 3.2.7. Modeling Climate Change Effects on Tropical Cyclones into the 21st Century -- 3.3. SEA LEVEL RISE AND SUBSIDENCE -- 3.3.1. Historical and Projected Global Sea Level Trends -- 3.3.2. Tide Records, Sea Level Trends, and Subsidence Rates along the Central Gulf Coast -- 3.3.3. Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the Central Gulf Coast Region -- 3.4. STORM SURGE -- 3.4.1. Predicting Storm Surge with the SLOSH Model -- 3.4.2. Future Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Height -- 3.5. OTHER ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR GULF COAST TRANSPORTATION -- 3.5.1. Wind and Wave Regime -- 3.5.2. Humidity and Cloudiness -- 3.5.3. Convective Activity -- 3.6. CONCLUSION -- 3.7. REFERENCES -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY FOR GULF COAST TRANSPORTATION? -- 4.1. CLIMATE DRIVERS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM -- 4.1.1. Effects of Warming Temperatures -- 4.1.2. Effects of Precipitation Levels and Patterns -- Precipitation and Runoff -- 4.1.3. Relative Sea Level Rise -- Background -- Impact on Transportation -- 4.1.4. Storm Activity -- 4.1.5. Climate Impacts on Freight Transport -- 4.2. CLIMATE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION MODES -- 4.2.1. Highways -- Temperature -- Precipitation.Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Surge Wave Crests and Effects on Bridges -- Surge Inundation -- Wind -- 4.2.2. Transit -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Storm Winds -- Storm Waves -- 4.2.3. Freight and Passenger Rail -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Railroad Response to Hurricane Damage -- 4.2.4. Marine Facilities and Waterways -- Higher Temperatures -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity: Water and Wind Damage -- Secondary Impacts -- 4.2.5. Aviation -- Temperature -- Runway Design and Utilization -- General Aviation -- Commercial Service Airports -- Temperature Conclusions -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- 4.2.6. Pipelines -- Importance of Pipeline Operations in the Study Area -- Temperature -- Precipitation Changes -- Storm Impact Preparation, Mitigation, and Response -- Hurricane Damage Studies -- Storm Activity: Erosion -- Storm Activity: Increased Storm Severity -- Secondary Impacts -- 4.2.7. Implications for Transportation Emergency Management -- Temperature -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Other Considerations Affecting the Success of Emergency Management -- Adapting Emergency Management Plans -- Interdependent Communications Infrastructure -- Traffic Management -- Critical Care Facilities and Shelters for Those with Special Needs -- Local Development Policies -- Fiscal Impacts -- 4.3. IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION: CASE EXAMPLES IN THE STUDY REGION -- 4.3.1. Impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Transportation Infrastructure -- Roads -- Rail -- Ports -- Airports -- Pipelines -- 4.3.2. Evacuation during Hurricane Rita -- 4.3.3. Elevating Louisiana Highway 1 -- 4.4. CONCLUSION -- Data and Research Opportunities -- 4.5. SOURCES -- 4.5.1. References -- End Notes.Chapter 5 HOW CAN TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS INCORPORATE CLIMATE CHANGE IN TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS? -- 5.1. CONSIDERING CLIMATE CHANGE IN LONG-RANGE PLANNING AND INVESTMENT -- 5.1.1. Overview of the Surface Transportation Planning and Investment Processes -- The Federal Surface Transportation Planning Process -- Coordination in Transportation Planning -- 5.1.2. Current State of Practice in Incorporating Climate Change Considerations -- State and Metropolitan Planning Organization Plans and Planning Activities -- Site Interviews with Transportation Representatives in the Gulf Coast Region -- 5.1.3. Challenges and Opportunities to Integrating Climate Information -- Timeframes -- Land Use -- Institutional Arrangements -- A New Approach -- 5.2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION -- 5.2.1. Factors of Concern: Exposure, Vulnerability, Resilience, and Adaptation -- 5.2.2. Framework for Assessing Local Climate Change Impacts on Transportation -- Needed Data -- Outcomes -- Making Use of Risk Assessment in Transportation Decisions -- 5.3. CONCLUSION -- 5.4. SOURCES -- 5.4.1. References -- 5.4.2. Background Sources -- End Notes -- Chapter 6 WHAT ARE THE KEY CONCLUSIONS OF THIS STUDY? -- 6.1. TRENDS IN CLIMATE AND COASTAL CHANGE -- 6.2. TRANSPORTATION IMPACTS -- 6.3. IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANNING -- 6.4. FUTURE NEEDS -- 6.5. REFERENCES -- Appendix A GULF COAST STUDY GIS DATASETS -- Appendix B ADDITIONAL DATA ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING -- Appendix C ADDITIONAL RAIL DATA -- Appendix D WATER BALANCE MODEL PROCEDURES -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E HURASIM MODEL DESCRIPTION -- REFERENCES -- Appendix F PROJECTING FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISE WITH THE SLRRP MODEL -- REFERENCES -- LIST OF SELECTED ACRONYMS -- GLOSSARY OF TERMS -- Accretion -- Adaptation -- Adaptation Assessment -- Adaptation Benefits -- Adaptation Costs.Adaptive Capacity.Climate change and its causes, effects, and prediction series.RoadsDesign and constructionClimatic factorsGulf Coast (U.S.)Climatic changesGulf Coast (U.S.)StormsGulf Coast (U.S.)FloodsGulf Coast (U.S.)Sustainable engineeringGulf Coast (U.S.)TransportationEnvironmental aspectsGulf Coast (U.S.)Infrastructure (Economics)Gulf Coast (U.S.)Gulf Coast (U.S.)ClimateRoadsDesign and constructionClimatic factorsClimatic changesStormsFloodsSustainable engineeringTransportationEnvironmental aspectsInfrastructure (Economics)388.0976Pavlopoulos Iason1702540MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910813190603321Impacts of climate change on transportation and infrastructure4087124UNINA