06946nam 2200709 a 450 991081203770332120240416234931.01-280-19152-X97866101915290-309-57942-20-585-14480-X(CKB)110986584752044(OCoLC)44964039(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056957(SSID)ssj0000155357(PQKBManifestationID)11152882(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000155357(PQKBWorkID)10111595(PQKB)11630810(MiAaPQ)EBC3376681(Au-PeEL)EBL3376681(CaPaEBR)ebr10056957(CaONFJC)MIL19152(OCoLC)817958953(EXLCZ)9911098658475204419970813d1997 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrFire suppression substitutes and alternatives to halon for U.S. Navy applications /Committee on Assessment of Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon, Naval Studies Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19971 online resource (110 p.) The compass seriesBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-309-05782-5 Includes bibliographical references.Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon for U.S. Navy Applications -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- APPROACH AND SCOPE OF STUDY -- KEY FINDINGS -- CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT -- 1 Introduction -- REFERENCES -- 2 Assessment of Research on Alternatives for Halon -- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE FIRE SUPPRESSION AGENTS -- Fire Suppression Models-Chemical and Physical Mechanisms -- Manufacturability of Commercially Available Halocarbon Fire Suppression Agents -- Synthesis of Alternative Fire Suppression Agents -- Effectiveness of Alternative Commercially Available Fire Suppression Agents -- TOXICOLOGY ISSUES -- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON HALON SUBSTITUTES AND MECHANISMS -- FINDINGS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Atmospheric Chemistry and Evaluation of Environmental Effects of Fire Suppressants -- REDUCTION OF OZONE-MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS -- ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME, OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL, AND GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL AS INDICATORS OF... -- Atmospheric Lifetime -- Potential Effects on Ozone -- Effectiveness of Chlorine and Bromine in Ozone Destruction -- How Much Have Halons Affected Stratospheric Ozone? -- Ozone Depletion Potential -- Potential Effects on Climate -- Radiative Forcing -- Relative Radiative Forcing per Molecule or Mass -- What Effects Could Replacements for Halons Have on Climatic Change? -- Global Warming Potential -- Summary -- OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -- Estimating Atmospheric Concentrations of Intermediate Degradation Products -- Estimating the Concentrations of the Intermediate Products on the Ground -- Degradation Pathways for Candidate Alternative Fire Extinguishing Agents -- Degradation Pathways for Halomethanes and Haloethanes -- Degradation Schemes for Halopropanes -- Atmospheric Degradation of Perfluorocarbons.Assessment of the Environmental Impacts-ODP and GWP-of the Intermediate Products -- Accumulation of Degradation Products in the Biosphere -- REFERENCES -- 4 Navy-Specific Issues -- SHIP SYSTEMS -- Summary of Halon 1301 Ship Installations -- Investment in Ship Halon Systems -- Fire Extinguishing Systems for New-Design Ships -- HFC-227ea -- Water Mist -- AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS -- Summary of Halon 1301 Aircraft Installations -- Investment in Aircraft Halon 1301 Systems -- Fire Extinguishing Systems for New-Design Aircraft -- HFC-125 -- Inert Gas Generator Technology -- F/A-18E/F Engine Nacelle/Dry Bay -- V-22 Midwing Protection -- Inert Gas Generator Development Summary -- NAVY HALON INVENTORY -- RETROFITTING NON-HALON SYSTEMS IN EXISTING SHIPS AND AIRCRAFT -- Ship Retrofit -- HFC-227ea Systems -- Water Mist Systems -- Technical Feasibility and Cost -- Aircraft Retrofit -- SUMMARY, FINDINGS, AND RECOMMENDATION -- Options -- Recommendation -- Appendix A Halon Use by the Navy -- WHY HALON? A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW -- Ships -- Aircraft -- SHIP FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -- Machinery Space Fires -- Extinguishing Systems -- Halons -- Aqueous Film-Forming Foam -- Other Fire Fighting Measures -- How a Shipboard Halon 1301 System Works -- Shipboard Spaces Where Halon 1301 Systems Are Installed -- AIRCRAFT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -- Fires Aboard Aircraft -- Typical Halon 1301 Aircraft Engine Fire Extinguishing System -- Appendix B Regulation of Halon and Halon Replacements -- U.S. REGULATION OF HALONS AND HALON SUBSTITUTES -- ALTERNATIVES TO USE OF HALONS -- HALON BANG -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C Stability and Materials Compatibility of Candidate Replacements for Halon -- STORAGE STABILITY -- EFFECTS OF HALON-LIKE ALTERNATIVE AGENTS ON ORGANIC MATERIALS AND METALS -- Storage Considerations -- Effects on Plastics and Other Organic Materials.Effects of Discharged Agents on Metals -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D Water Mist Fire Suppression Technology -- THEORETICAL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -- RECENT TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES -- Misting/Atomization Technology -- U.S. Navy Water Mist Technology -- Commercial Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems -- EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF WATER MIST SYSTEMS -- Naval Research Laboratory, Small Compartment Testing -- Naval Research Laboratory, Machinery Space Testing -- U.S. Coast Guard, Machinery Space Testing -- Factory Mutual Gas Turbine Enclosure Testing -- National Research Council of Canada -- Sintef (Norway) -- CURRENT STATUS OF WATER MIST SYSTEMS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E Glossary.Compass series (Washington, D.C.)Fire extinctionChemical systemsEvaluationBromotrifluoromethaneEvaluationFire extinguishing agentsEvaluationAirplanesFires and fire preventionShipsFires and fire preventionFire extinctionChemical systemsEvaluation.BromotrifluoromethaneEvaluation.Fire extinguishing agentsEvaluation.AirplanesFires and fire prevention.ShipsFires and fire prevention.628.9/254National Research Council (U.S.).Naval Studies Board.Committee on Assessment of Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910812037703321Fire suppression substitutes and alternatives to halon for U.S. Navy applications4028777UNINA