02462nam 2200397 450 991079266830332120230808200951.094-6274-609-5(CKB)3710000000982272(MiAaPQ)EBC4770594(EXLCZ)99371000000098227220170104h20162016 uy 0engurcnu||||||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierAlternative enforcement of competition law /Eva LachnitHague, Netherlands :Eleven International Publishing,2016.©20161 online resource (467 pages)94-6236-707-8 Includes bibliographical references.Introduction -- Institutions and legal background -- Normative framework -- Negotiated procedures -- Markets work -- Individual guidance -- Compliance programmes -- Evaluation and synthesis -- Alternative enforcement in a broader context.This research analyses and compares the use of certain alternative enforcement instruments, such as negotiated procedures, markets work, individual guidance and compliance programmes, by the Dutch, UK and French competition authorities. Competition authorities are known for imposing enormous fines on companies that have infringed the law. However, most authorities are equally active in educating, deliberating, influencing or preventing. Alternative enforcement entails a deviation from command-and-control style enforcement and can be characterised as informal, horizontal, compliance-based, restorative, preventative and/or more efficient. This book draws from the differences between the national approaches to show the advantages and downsides of negotiated procedures, markets work, individual guidance and compliance programmes. Also, it provides recommendations to pursue a balance between instrumentality and safeguards within the instruments, and in enforcement policy as a whole. This research will be of interest for both academics and practitioners in the field of competition law and enforcement --Back cover.Competition, UnfairCompetition, Unfair.343.0721Lachnit Eva1513785MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910792668303321Alternative enforcement of competition law3748433UNINA02967nam 2200457 450 991081140740332120230810001408.090-04-33035-610.1163/9789004330351(CKB)3710000000960147(MiAaPQ)EBC4756301(OCoLC)962750313(OCoLC)965353939(nllekb)BRILL9789004330351(EXLCZ)99371000000096014720161114d2017 uy 0engurcnu||||||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierMatt'eos Urhayec'i and his chronicle history as apocalypse in a crossroads of cultures /by Tara L. AndrewsLeiden ;Boston :Brill,2017.1 online resource (272 pages) illustrations, mapsThe Medieval Mediterranean peoples, economies and cultures, 400-1500 ;v. 10890-04-33034-8 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front Matter -- The Origins of the Chronicle -- The New Age of Prophecy: The Chronicle’s Place in Armenian Historiography -- ‘The Violent Massacres, This Dreadful Wrath’: Armenia in the Chronicle -- ‘Under the Aegis of the Roman Emperor’: Uṙhayecʿi on Byzantium -- Muslim, Persian, or Turk? The Armenian Chronicler and the ‘Infidels’ -- ‘The Nation of Valiant Ones’: The Crusaders in Uṙhayecʿi’s Eyes -- ‘Many Break Away from the Faith’: Eastern Christianity in the Chronicle -- The History of the Chronicle -- Conclusion -- Text and Translation of Selected Excerpts from the Chronicle -- Lists of Rulers of the Period -- List of All Known Manuscripts -- Maps -- Bibliography -- Index.In Mattʿēos Uṙhayecʿi and His Chronicle Tara L. Andrews presents the first ever in-depth study of the history written by this Armenian priest, who lived in Edessa (modern-day Urfa in Turkey) around the turn of the twelfth century and was an eyewitness to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin East. Although the Chronicle is known as an extremely valuable source of information for the eleventh- and early twelfth-century Near East, neither its guiding structure nor Uṙhayecʿi's motivation in writing it have ever been clear to modern historians. This study elucidates the prophetic framework within which the text was written, and demonstrates how that framework has influenced Uṙhayecʿi's understanding of the time in which he lived.The Medieval Mediterranean108.CrusadesFirst, 1096-1099SourcesLatin OrientHistoryArmeniaHistory428-1522Crusades956.62014Andrews Tara L(Tara Lee),1978-1622025NL-LeKBNL-LeKBBOOK9910811407403321Matt'eos Urhayec'i and his chronicle3955646UNINA