05286nam 22006854a 450 991081081970332120230607213812.00-309-16929-11-280-18343-897866101834320-309-57036-0(CKB)111069351128610(EBL)3377497(SSID)ssj0000112297(PQKBManifestationID)11128387(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000112297(PQKBWorkID)10086624(PQKB)10272700(MiAaPQ)EBC3377497(Au-PeEL)EBL3377497(CaPaEBR)ebr10071528(OCoLC)923270964(EXLCZ)9911106935112861020020905d2002 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBiosolids applied to land[electronic resource] advancing standards and practices /Committee on Toxicants and Pathogens in Biosolids Applied to Land, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research CouncilWashington, D.C. National Academies Pressc20021 online resource (365 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-309-08486-5 Includes bibliographical references.""Biosolids Applied to Land""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Abbreviations""; ""Summary""; ""THE COMMITTEE�S TASK""; ""MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""Overarching Findings""; ""Overarching Recommendations""; ""Health Effects""; ""Chemical and Pathogen Standards""; ""Chemical Standards""; ""Pathogen Standards""; ""1 Introduction""; ""BIOSOLIDS""; ""Definitions and Use""; ""Pollutant Standards""; ""Earlier NRC Review""; ""HUMAN HEALTH AND RISK-ASSESSMENT ISSUES""; ""THE COMMITTEE�S TASK""; ""THE COMMITTEE�S APPROACH""; ""REPORT ORGANIZATION""; ""REFERENCES""""2 Biosolids Management""""FEDERAL BIOSOLIDS REGULATIONS AND CURRENT STATE OF PROGRAM""; ""History""; ""Federal Policy""; ""Proposed Regulation""; ""Final Regulations""; ""Pollutant Concentrations""; ""Pathogen Control""; ""Class A Pathogen Requirements""; ""Class B Pathogen Requirements""; ""Reduction of Vector Attraction""; ""Treatment Design Standards""; ""Rule Modifications""; ""Revision of Regulations""; ""Public Issue Forums""; ""EPA Resources""; ""State Programs""; ""EUROPEAN BIOSOLIDS MANAGEMENT""; ""PATHOGEN ISSUES AND TREATMENT CONTROLS""; ""PATHOGEN EQUIVALENCY COMMITTEE""""IMPLEMENTATION AND END-USE PRACTICES""""Overview""; ""Management Practices""; ""End-Use Practices""; ""CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOSOLIDS""; ""COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE AND ENFORCEMENT""; ""FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""3 Epidemiological Evidence of Health Effects Associated with Biosolids Production and Application""; ""DESCRIPTION OF THE LITERATURE""; ""Exposed Populations""; ""Observed Health Outcomes""; ""Assessment of Causality""; ""FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""Response Studies""; ""Preplanned Studies""; ""REFERENCES""""4 Advances in Risk Assessment Since the Establishment of the Part 503 Rule""""THE RISK-ASSESSMENT PROCESS""; ""Components of the Risk-Analysis Process""; ""Confronting Uncertainty and Variability""; ""NEW APPROACHES AND CONSIDERATIONS IN RISK ASSESSMENT""; ""Recent Reports Define New Directions in Risk Assessment""; ""Advances in Hazard Identification""; ""Advances in the Dose-Response Characterization Process""; ""Changes in Dose-Response Methods""; ""EPA�s Proposed 1996 Carcinogen Risk-Assessment Guidelines""; ""Time-to-Tumor Models""; ""Use of Subjective Statistics: Bayesian Methods""""Use of Meta-Analysis in Place of Single-Species Data Sets""""Assessment of Mixtures""; ""Advances in the Exposure Characterization Process""; ""Increased Focus on Indoor and Residential Environments""; ""Methods for Monitoring Biological Agents in Exposure Media""; ""Explicit Treatment of Uncertainty and Variability""; ""Multimedia and Multiple-Pathway Exposure Assessments""; ""Biological Markers""; ""Challenges to the Risk-Characterization Process for Biosolids""; ""Characterizing Exposures to Children as a Subpopulation""; ""Participation of the Affected Populations""""Link Between Risk Assessment and Management of Land-Application Sites""Land treatment of wastewaterSewage sludgeManagementSewage disposal in the groundHealth aspectsSewage disposal plantsStandardsUnited StatesHealth risk assessmentUnited StatesLand treatment of wastewater.Sewage sludgeManagement.Sewage disposal in the groundHealth aspects.Sewage disposal plantsStandardsHealth risk assessment628.3/64National Research Council (U.S.).Committee on Toxicants and Pathogens in Biosolids Applied to Land.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910810819703321Biosolids applied to land3947329UNINA