01748nam 2200565Ia 450 991081078960332120200520144314.00-8166-8861-39780816630417(CKB)1000000000470982(EBL)310429(OCoLC)476094512(SSID)ssj0000194992(PQKBManifestationID)11183414(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000194992(PQKBWorkID)10252545(PQKB)10467075(MiAaPQ)EBC310429(Au-PeEL)EBL310429(CaPaEBR)ebr10159531(OCoLC)191953076(EXLCZ)99100000000047098219980220d1998 ay 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrM is for Minnesota /by Dori Hillestad Butler ; illustrated by Janice Lee Porter816th ed.Minneapolis University of Minnesota Pressc19981 online resource (33 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-8166-3041-0 M is for Minnesota;Illustrated entries for each letter of the alphabet present information about the history, geography, natural resources, and important sights of Minnesota.Alphabet booksMinnesotaJuvenile literatureAlphabet books.421.1977.6 EButler Dori Hillestad1184353Porter Janice Lee1609039MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910810789603321M is for Minnesota3936079UNINA04542nam 2200733Ia 450 991082284280332120200520144314.00-674-06541-70-674-06981-110.4159/harvard.9780674065413(CKB)2560000000082521(OCoLC)794004244(CaPaEBR)ebrary10568038(SSID)ssj0000658429(PQKBManifestationID)11415001(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000658429(PQKBWorkID)10690553(PQKB)10626740(MiAaPQ)EBC3301094(DE-B1597)178208(DE-B1597)9780674065413(Au-PeEL)EBL3301094(CaPaEBR)ebr10568038(EXLCZ)99256000000008252120111107d2012 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrThe rise and fall of Arab presidents for life /Roger OwenFirst editionCambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press20121 online resource (273 p.)Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-674-06583-2 Includes bibliographical references (p.203-226) and index.Front matter --Contents --Preface --Introduction --1. The Search for Sovereignty in an Insecure World --2. The Origins of the Presidential Security State --3. Basic Components of the Regimes --4. Centralized State Systems in Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, and Algeria --5. Presidents as Managers in Libya, Sudan, and Yemen --6. Constrained Presidencies in Lebanon and Iraq after Hussein --7. The Monarchical Security States of Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain, and Oman --8. The Politics of Succession --9. The Question of Arab Exceptionalism --10. The Sudden Fall --Conclusion --Notes --Bibliography --Acknowledgments --IndexThe monarchical presidential regimes that prevailed in the Arab world for so long looked as though they would last indefinitely—until events in Tunisia and Egypt made clear their time was up. The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life exposes for the first time the origins and dynamics of a governmental system that largely defined the Arab Middle East in the twentieth century. Presidents who rule for life have been a feature of the Arab world since independence. In the 1980's their regimes increasingly resembled monarchies as presidents took up residence in palaces and made every effort to ensure their sons would succeed them. Roger Owen explores the main features of the prototypical Arab monarchical regime: its household; its inner circle of corrupt cronies; and its attempts to create a popular legitimacy based on economic success, a manipulated constitution, managed elections, and information suppression. Why has the Arab world suffered such a concentration of permanent presidential government? Though post-Soviet Central Asia has also known monarchical presidencies, Owen argues that a significant reason is the “Arab demonstration effect,” whereby close ties across the Arab world have enabled ruling families to share management strategies and assistance. But this effect also explains why these presidencies all came under the same pressure to reform or go. Owen discusses the huge popular opposition the presidential systems engendered during the Arab Spring, and the political change that ensued, while also delineating the challenges the Arab revolutions face across the Middle East and North Africa.AuthoritarianismArab countriesAuthoritarianismMiddle EastMonarchyArab countriesMonarchyMiddle EastPresidentsArab countriesHistoryPresidentsMiddle EastHistoryArab countriesKings and rulersArab countriesPolitics and government1945-Middle EastKings and rulersMiddle EastPolitics and government1945-AuthoritarianismAuthoritarianismMonarchyMonarchyPresidentsHistory.PresidentsHistory.352.230917/4927Owen Roger1935-128340MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910822842803321Rise and fall of arab presidents for life1326743UNINA