03933nam 2200673 450 991080975270332120211012005417.00-8122-0932-X10.9783/9780812209327(CKB)3710000000086212(OCoLC)872522230(CaPaEBR)ebrary10833622(SSID)ssj0001115712(PQKBManifestationID)12414351(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001115712(PQKBWorkID)11084106(PQKB)11581081(MdBmJHUP)muse33000(DE-B1597)449820(DE-B1597)9780812209327(Au-PeEL)EBL3442334(CaPaEBR)ebr10833622(CaONFJC)MIL682687(MiAaPQ)EBC3442334(EXLCZ)99371000000008621220140212h20142014 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdamediardacarrierReferendums and ethnic conflict /Matt QvortrupPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania :University of Pennsylvania Press,2014.©20141 online resource (198 pages)National and Ethnic Conflict in the 21st CenturyBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph1-322-51405-4 0-8122-4580-6 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --Contents --Introduction --Chapter 1. The History and Logic of Ethnonational Referendums, 1791–1945 --Chapter 2. Difference-Managing Referendums --Chapter 3. Secession and Partition --Chapter 4. Ethnonational Referendums in Constitutional Law: A Case Study of Scotland --Chapter 5. Right-Sizing Referendums --Chapter 6. Difference-Eliminating Referendums: E Pluribus Unum? --Chapter 7. EU Referendums: Nationalism and the Politics of Supranational Integration --Chapter 8. Regulation of Ethnonational Referendums: A Comparative Overview --Conclusion: Patterns and Tendencies in Ethnonational Referendums --Appendix. Legislation and Litigation --Notes --Bibliography --Index --AcknowledgmentsAlthough referendums have been used for centuries to settle ethnonational conflicts, there has yet been no systematic study or generalized theory concerning their effectiveness. Referendums and Ethnic Conflict fills the gap with a comparative and empirical analysis of all the referendums held on ethnic and national issues from the French Revolution to the 2012 referendum on statehood for Puerto Rico. Drawing on political theory and descriptive case studies, Matt Qvortrup creates typologies of referendums that are held to endorse secession, redraw disputed borders, legitimize a policy of homogenization, or otherwise manage ethnic or national differences. He considers the circumstances that compel politicians to resort to direct democracy, such as regime change, and the conditions that might exacerbate a violent response. Qvortrup offers a clear-eyed assessment of the problems raised when conflict resolution is sought through referendum as well as the conditions that are likely to lead to peaceful outcomes. This original political framework will provide a vital resource in the ongoing investigation into how democracy and nationalism may be reconciled.ReferendumEthnic conflictPolitical aspectsEthnic conflictGovernment policyPolitical Science.Public Policy.Referendum.Ethnic conflictPolitical aspects.Ethnic conflictGovernment policy.328.2/3Qvortrup Mads800722MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910809752703321Referendums and ethnic conflict3948015UNINA13027nam 22005533 450 991015483360332120220211084550.097814932142281493214225(CKB)3710000000972163(MiAaPQ)EBC6884558(Au-PeEL)EBL6884558(OCoLC)966594522(Perlego)2905828(BIP)83164318(BIP)58073808(EXLCZ)99371000000097216320220211d2016 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierPricing and the Condition Technique in SAP ERPBoston :Rheinwerk Publishing Inc.,2016.©2017.1 online resource (1129 pages)9781493214211 1493214217 Intro -- Dear Reader -- Notes on Usage -- Table of Contents -- Preface by Manfred Hirn -- Preface by Werner Herhuth -- Preface by Ursula Becker -- Introduction -- History of the Pricing and the Condition Technique -- How Will This Book Help You? -- What Is the Structure of the Book? -- Who Is the Target Audience of the Book? -- Note on the Examples in this Book -- Part I   Foundations -- 1   Application Areas and Elements of the Condition Technique -- 1.1   Condition Records -- 1.2   Application Areas (Using Condition Tables) -- 1.3   Selected Application Areas (Usages) -- 1.3.1   Usage A: Pricing -- 1.3.2   Usage B: Output -- 1.3.3   Usage C: Account Determination -- 1.3.4   Usage D: Material Determination -- 1.3.5   Usage E: Rebate -- 1.3.6   Usage G: Material Listing and Exclusion -- 1.3.7   Usage N: Free Goods -- 1.3.8   Usage 3: Campaign Determination -- 1.3.9   Usage T: Data Collection -- 1.4   Applications of the Condition Technique -- 1.5   Elements of the Condition Technique -- 1.6   Field Catalog and Communication Structures -- 1.6.1   Field Catalog -- 1.6.2   Communication Structures -- 1.7   Condition Tables -- 1.8   Access Sequences -- 1.8.1   Access Sequence with Different Condition Tables -- 1.8.2   Access Sequence with a Single Condition Table (Access with Partial Key) -- 1.8.3   Exclusive or Additive Access -- 1.8.4   Direct Values -- 1.8.5   Data Determination During Access -- 1.9   Condition Types -- 1.10   Condition Master Data -- 1.10.1   Data Model -- 1.10.2   Maintenance Dialog for Simple Usages (Application Areas) -- 1.10.3   Maintenance Dialog for Complex Usages -- 1.10.4   Validity Periods -- 1.10.5   Release Status and Processing Status -- 1.11   Determination Procedures -- 1.12   Determination Analysis -- 1.13   Requirements -- 1.14   The Complete Process at a Glance -- 1.15   Summary.2   Pricing Condition Master Data -- 2.1   Condition Maintenance via Condition Type -- 2.1.1   Details Functionality -- 2.1.2   Additional Data Functionality -- 2.1.3   Scales Functionality -- 2.1.4   Condition Supplement Functionality -- 2.1.5   Validity Periods Functionality -- 2.1.6   Free Goods Functionality -- 2.1.7   Status Information Functionality -- 2.1.8   Cumulative Values Functionality -- 2.1.9   Other Condition Type Functionality -- 2.2   Condition Maintenance via Area Menu -- 2.3   Condition Maintenance via Index -- 2.4   Agreements -- 2.4.1   Sales Deals -- 2.4.2   Rebate Agreements -- 2.5   Price Agreements -- 2.6   Summary -- 3   Condition Lists -- 3.1   Pricing Reports -- 3.1.1   Execution of Pricing Reports -- 3.1.2   Configuration of a Pricing Report -- 3.1.3   Pricing Report for Condition Maintenance via Area Menu -- 3.2   Worklists for the Internal Sales Representative Role -- 3.2.1   Change Query -- 3.2.2   Personalize Query -- 3.2.3   Define New Query -- 3.3   Net Price List -- 3.4   Performance-Optimized Price List -- 3.4.1   Creation of Price Lists -- 3.4.2   Customizing and Customer Enhancements -- 3.4.3   Registration of Fields -- 3.4.4   Define the Data Determination -- 3.4.5   Enhancements of the Selection Screen -- 3.4.6   Enhancements of the Price List Result -- 3.4.7   Customizing Overview -- 3.4.8   Important Programs and Function Modules -- 3.5   Summary -- Part II   Standard Configuration -- 4   Pricing Configuration -- 4.1   Implementation of an Initial Customer-Specific Scenario -- 4.1.1   Creating a Condition Table -- 4.1.2   Creating an Access Sequence -- 4.1.3   Customizing a Condition Type -- 4.1.4   Creating a Condition Type -- 4.1.5   Inserting a Condition Type into a Pricing Procedure -- 4.1.6   Defining the Pricing Procedure Determination -- 4.1.7   Testing the Pricing Scenario.4.2   Elements of Pricing in Detail -- 4.2.1   Condition Table -- 4.2.2   Access Sequence -- 4.2.3   Condition Type -- 4.2.4   Pricing Procedure -- 4.3   Customer-Specific Adaptations and Customer Namespaces -- 4.3.1   Creative Use of the Standard Configuration -- 4.3.2   New Fields for Pricing -- 4.3.3   Requirements and Formulas (Routines) -- 4.3.4   User Exits for Pricing -- 4.4   Example for the Implementation of Complex Pricing Scenarios -- 4.5   Configurable Parameters and Formulas -- 4.5.1   Implementing an Initial Scenario with Configurable Parameters and Formulas -- 4.5.2   Elements of CPF in Detail -- 4.5.3   Customer-Specific Adaptations in CPF -- 4.6   Interface to Profitability Analysis -- 4.7   Summary -- 5   Working with Condition Records -- 5.1   Release Status -- 5.1.1   Available Release Statuses -- 5.1.2   Release Status in Condition Records -- 5.1.3   Release Status in Conjunction with Agreements -- 5.2   Mass Change /Mass Creation with Template -- 5.3   Copying Condition Records -- 5.3.1   Prerequisites -- 5.3.2   Application Example -- 5.4   Condition Maintenance via Area Menus -- 5.5   Other Functionalities in Condition Maintenance -- 5.5.1   Change Documents -- 5.5.2   Texts -- 5.5.3   Condition Supplements -- 5.5.4   Deletion of a Condition Record -- 5.6   Summary -- 6   Pricing in the Sales Document -- 6.1   The Item Conditions Screen -- 6.1.1   Condition Detail -- 6.1.2   Insert Row -- 6.1.3   Delete Row -- 6.1.4   Master Data Condition Record -- 6.1.5   Analysis (Pricing Log ) -- 6.1.6   Update Prices -- 6.1.7   Configurable User Interface for Pricing -- 6.2   Header Conditions Screen -- 6.3   Predefined Price Elements in the Item Overview Screen -- 6.4   Price Agreements -- 6.4.1   Creating Price Agreements -- 6.4.2   Searching and Displaying Price Agreements Using the Condition Index.6.5   Pricing During Creation of Documents with Reference -- 6.6   Pricing for Special Billing Scenarios -- 6.6.1   Pricing in Rental and Maintenance Contracts (Periodic Billing Plan) -- 6.6.2   Pricing in Fixed Price Contracts (Milestone Billing) -- 6.6.3   Pricing in Resource-Related Billing -- 6.7   Summary -- 7   Special Functions in Pricing -- 7.1   Group Conditions -- 7.1.1   Header Conditions with a Fixed Amount -- 7.1.2   Percentage-Based Header Conditions -- 7.1.3   Scale-Based Conditions without Group Key -- 7.1.4   Scale-Based Conditions without Group Key -- 7.1.5   Percentage-Based and Fixed Amount Group Conditions with Condition Records -- 7.2   Condition Exclusion -- 7.2.1   Simple Condition Exclusion Using Requirements -- 7.2.2   Condition Exclusion Using Exclusion Groups -- 7.2.3   Condition Exclusion Using Formulas -- 7.3   Condition Update -- 7.4   Tax Determination in Sales -- 7.4.1   Simple Tax Determination -- 7.4.2   Tax Determination via Accounting (Tax Trigger ) -- 7.4.3   Tax Determination via External Tax Interface -- 7.4.4   Tax Increase -- 7.5   Free Goods in Sales -- 7.6   Cost of Sales -- 7.6.1   Stock Sale (No Cross-Company) -- 7.6.2   Drop Shipment (Third Party) -- 7.6.3   Cross-Company Stock Sale -- 7.6.4   Make-To-Order with/without Production Order -- 7.6.5   Actual-Cost Accounting -- 7.7   Currency Conversion in Sales -- 7.7.1   Local Currency -- 7.7.2   Document Currency and Exchange Rates -- 7.7.3   Exchange Rate for Accounting -- 7.7.4   Condition Currency and Exchange Rates -- 7.7.5   Currency Customizing and Exchange Rates -- 7.7.6   Currency Conversion -- 7.8   Print Formatting of the Pricing Result -- 7.8.1   Functional Scope of the Output Processing -- 7.8.2   Print Formatting of Order Item Values and Document Footer -- 7.9   Summary -- 8   Pricing Procedures and Condition Type s in Sales and Distribution.8.1   Selected Pricing Procedures -- 8.1.1   Pricing Procedure RVAA01 (Standard B2B) -- 8.1.2   Pricing Procedure RVAA02 (Standard with Price Book) -- 8.1.3   Pricing Procedure RVAB01 (Tax Included in Price) -- 8.1.4   Pricing Procedure PSER01 (Periodic Billing) -- 8.1.5   Pricing Procedure PSER02 (Resource Related Billing) -- 8.1.6   Pricing Procedure ICAA01 (Intercompany Billing) -- 8.1.7   Pricing Procedure WK0001 (Value Contract Procedure) -- 8.1.8   Pricing Procedure RVWIA1 (Plants Abroad/Tax Handling) -- 8.1.9   Pricing Procedure RVACRN (Contract Billing) -- 8.2   Selected Condition Types of the Standard Pricing Procedures -- 8.2.1   Condition Types EDI1/EDI2 (Customer Expected Price) -- 8.2.2   Condition Types RL00/MW15 (Invoice List Conditions) -- 8.2.3   Condition Types SKTV/SKTO (Cash Discount)) -- 8.2.4   Condition Type HM00 (Order Value) -- 8.2.5   Condition Types AMIW/AMIZ (Minimum Sales Order Value/Minimum Value Surcharge) -- 8.2.6   Condition Type AZWR (Down Payment/Settlement) -- 8.2.7   Condition Type GRWR (Statistical Value (Cross-Border)) -- 8.3   Summary -- Part III   Advanced Techniques, Tips, and Tricks -- 9   Special Features of the Condition Technique in Pricing -- 9.1   Interfaces, Tables, and Interrelationships -- 9.1.1   Interfaces to Condition Tables and Master Data Maintenance -- 9.1.2   Interfaces to the Pricing Modules -- 9.1.3   Internal Structures and Tables of the Pricing Programs -- 9.1.4   Field Sequence in the Condition Table -- 9.2   Data Determination via Condition Technique -- 9.2.1   Variant 1: Data Determination Within the Access: Used in Subsequent Access -- 9.2.2   Variant 2: Data Determination in the Access, Transfer to Document Item via Requirement -- 9.2.3   Transfer from Condition Record via Formula or Requirement -- 9.2.4   Variant 3: Transfer to XKOMV from Condition Record via Formula.9.2.5   Variant 4: Transfer to KOMK from Condition Record via Requirement.Wrap your head around pricing and the condition technique with this nuts-and-bolts guide! First become versed in the fundamentals: condition types, master data settings, and condition lists. Then employ standard configurations, from condition records to pricing in sales documents. Use function modules, deploy user exits, and create custom workarounds to pick the right price for your products! FundamentalsWalk step by step through the essential elements of the condition technique and see how condition records, tables, and types form the basis of your calculation. Then set up condition master data and filter condition records with condition lists. Standard ConfigurationLearn to create a condition table and access sequence, maintain a release status, handle pricing in sales documents, and determine taxes. Advanced TechniquesWant to implement data determination via the condition technique? Handle freight surcharges? Add a second or third subtotal field? Kick your pricing practices up a notch with advanced techniques! Highlights: Condition technique Pricing SAP ERP Materials Management (MM) Sales and Distribution (SD) Master data Function modules User exits Configuration Performance and testing Rebate processing SAP ERPSAP ERP.650.02855376Becker Ursula M1860917Herhuth Werner1082481Hirn Manfred1082482MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910154833603321Pricing and the Condition Technique in SAP ERP4466878UNINA