11459nam 2200649 a 450 991080941410332120240410151117.01-282-88068-397866128806811-4094-1566-X(CKB)2670000000056425(SSID)ssj0000475387(PQKBManifestationID)11336977(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000475387(PQKBWorkID)10463678(PQKB)10869533(MiAaPQ)EBC3002263(Au-PeEL)EBL3002263(CaPaEBR)ebr10424647(CaONFJC)MIL288068(OCoLC)929147392(EXLCZ)99267000000005642520101207e20101880 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrThe natural and moral history of the IndiesVolume IThe natural history (books I, II, III, and IV)[electronic resource] /by Father Joseph de Acosta ; reprinted from the English translated ed. of Edward Grimeston, 1604 ; edited by Clements R. MarkhamFarnham [England] ;Burlington, Vt. Ashgate2010xlv, 295 p. illWorks issued by the Hakluyt Society ;no. 60The natural and moral history of the Indies ;v. 1Reprint. Originally published: London, 1880.1-4094-1327-6 Includes bibliographical references.Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME -- INTRODUCTION -- DEDICATION TO THE INFANTA ISABELLA -- TRANSLATOR'S DEDICATION TO SIR ROBERT CECIL -- ADDRESS TO THE READER -- ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS -- THIS NATURAL HISTORY. First Book -- NATURAL HISTORY. BOOK I -- CHAPTER 1.-Of the opinions of some authors which supposed that the Heavens did not extend to the new found land -- View of St. Chrysostom -- Opinions of Theodoret and Lactantius -- „ St. Jerome and St. Augustine -- Fathers of the Church may err -- CHAPTER 2.-That the Heaven is round, on all parts moving in his course of itself -- Opinion of Aristotle correct -- The Author's own experience -- Proofs that the earth is round -- Motions of the stars -- Void places in the Heavens -- CHAPTER 3.-How the Holy Scripture teacheth us that the earth is in the middest of the world -- Roundness of the Heavens -- The waters -- The earth rests upon nothing -- Wisdom of the Creator -- CHAPTER 4.-Containing an answere to that which is objected out of the Holy Scripture against the roundness of the earth -- Explanation of St. Paul's words -- The letter kills -- the spirit quickeneth -- CHAPTER 5.- Of the fashion and forme of Heaven at the new found land -- Comparison of stars in North and South -- The Southern Cross -- Art of navigation -- Milky Way -- CHAPTER 6.-That there is Land and Sea under the two Poles -- Men as near Heaven in Peru as in Spain -- The Pole Antarticke -- Distribution of land and sea -- Land and sea at the Poles -- Question of a North West Passage -- CHAPTER 7.-To confute the opinion of Lactantius, who holdes there be no Antipodes -- Lactantius and St. Augustine on the Antipodes -- Reason corrects imagination -- The use of imagination -- CHAPTER 8.-The reason why St. Augustine denied the Antipodes -- Opinions of St. Augustine.His difficulty in the greatness of the ocean -- Concurrence of St. Gregory Nazianzen -- The Scriptures speak ouly of the then known world -- CHAPTER 9.-Of Aristotle's opinion touching the new Worlde, and what abused him to make him deny it -- Opinions of the ancients as to heat of the burning Zone -- Aristotle's opinion -- Want of knowledge among the Ancients -- Extreme cold and heat of Arctic and Torrid Zones -- The southern Zones -- CHAPTER 10.-That Plinie and the auncients held the same opinion with Aristotle -- Pliny thought the tropics uninhabitable -- Arguments of the ancients -- CHAPTER 11.-That in ancient Bookes we finde some knowledge of this newe world -- Voyage of Hanno -- Voyage of Eudoxus -- Ancient knowledge of the East Indies -- Sumatra and Malacca -- Prophecy of Seneca -- CHAPTER 12.-Of the opinions which Plato held of the West Indies -- Timseus and Critias -- Interpretation of sayings of Plato -- CHAPTER 13.-That some have held opinion that in places of Holy Scripture, whereas they spedke of Ophir, is to be understood of our Peru -- Hispaniola said to be Ophir -- Whether Peru be Ophir -- Fancied resemblance of names -- Ophir was in the East Indies -- CHAPTER 14.-What Tharsis and Ophir signify in the Holy Scriptures -- Identification of Tarshish -- Tarshish has divers meanings -- A general term -- CHAPTER 15.-Of the Prophecie of Abdias, which some doe interpret to be the Indies -- The discovery of America said to have been foretold in Scripture -- Prophecy of Obadiah -- Sepbarad (Zarephath) supposed to be Spain -- Cities of the South may be the Indies -- Prophecy of Isaiah -- Many nations to whom Christ has not yet been preached -- CHAPTER 16.-By what meanes the first men might come to the Indies, the which was not willingly nor of set purpose -- The New World not peopled by a miracle -- Opinion of the Author.Passage in ships considered -- New World not reached in ships -- The ancients were ignorant of the compass -- CHAPTER 17.-Of the properties and admirable virtue of the Adamante stone for navigation, whereof the Ancients had no knowledge -- Use of the compass in navigation -- Virtues of the load stone -- Time of its discovery uncertain -- Variation of the compass -- Four points of no variation -- CHAPTER 18.- Wherein an answere is made to them that say that in times passed they have sailed through the Ocean as at this day -- Long voyages not proved by Scripture -- Tn ancient books no proof of long voyages -- The ancients only coasted along the shore -- CHAPTER 19.-That we may conjecture how the first inhabitants of the Indies came thither by force of weather and not willingly -- Story of the discovery of America by a nameless pilot -- Most new countries discovered by chance -- Wonderful voyage recorded by Cornelius Nepos -- Ship of Carthage driven to the New World -- Giants said to have landed in Peru -- People of Yea and Arica sailed in South Sea -- Most discoveries due to chance -- CHAPTER 20.-Notwithstanding all that hath bene said, it is more likely that the first inhabitants of the Indies came by land -- The beasts could not have come by sea -- No new creation in America -- Beasts could not have swum to the New World -- Belief of the Author in a narrow strait -- CHAPTER 21.-By what means tame beasts passed to the Indies -- The Indians could only make short voyages -- No beasts on the West Indian Islands -- Animals reach islands by swimming -- CHAPTER 22.-That the lineage of the Indians hath not passed by the Atlantis Island as some do imagine -- The Atlantis of Plato -- Atlantis a fable -- Pliny on Mount Atlas and Atlantis -- CHAPTER 23.-That the opinion of many which hold that the first race of the Indians comes from the Jews is not true.A text of Esdras applied to the Indies -- Resemblance between dress of Jews and Indians -- Points of difference -- The opinion confuted -- CHAPTER 24.-The reason why we can find no beginning of the Indians -- The peopling of the Indies was gradual -- The first arrivals savage and hunters -- CHAPTER 25.-What the Indians report of their beginning -- Tradition of a deluge -- Origin of the Yncas -- Origin of American civilizations -- Second Book -- BOOK II -- CHAPTER 1.-That it is not out of purpose, but necessarie to treate of the nature of the Equinoctiall -- The Equinoctial defined -- CHAPTER 2.-For what reasons the ancients held that the burning Zone was not inhabitable -- Effect of Sun's motion on temperature -- The further a country is from the Son's course the colder -- The hottest near the Zodiacs -- Dryness and moisture caused by the Sun -- Hence Aristotle's opinion of the Southern heat -- CHAPTER 3.-That the burning Zone is very moist, contrary to the opinion of the Ancients -- Yet the burning Zone is inhabited -- The seasons occur, but at different times -- Seasons of greatest moisture -- CHAPTER 4.-That in the Regions which be without the Tropicks there is greatest store of waters whenas the Sunne is farthest off, contrary to that under the burning Zone -- Climate of Chile -- Cause of inundation of the Nile -- Inundation of the Paraguay or river Plate -- CHAPTER 5.- That betwixt the two Tropicks the greatest aboundance of raine is in Summer, with a discourse of Winter and Summer -- Winter and Summer in the Tropics -- Seasons in Peru -- CHAPTER 6.-That the burning Zone abounds with waters and pastures, against the opinion of Aristotle who holds the contrarie -- Abundance of Water in the Tropics -- The great river Amazons -- Lake Titicaca -- Question of drainage of Titicaca.CHAPTER 7.-Shewing the reason why the Sunne without the Tropicks causeth greatest quantitie of waters when it is farthest off -- and contrariwise within them it breedeth most wheu, it is nearest -- Rain caused by heat of the Sun -- Effect of the Sun on vapour -- Effect of heat on moisture -- Dry regions in the tropics -- CHAPTER 8.-How wee should understand that which hath been formerly spoken of the burning Zone -- Dry region on the coast of Peru -- Exceptions to natural rules -- CHAPTER 9.-That the Burning Zone is not violently hotte, but moderate -- Moderate beat in the tropics -- The Author's experience -- CHAPTER 10.-That the heat of the burning Zone is temperate, by reason of the rayne and the shortness of tlie dayes -- Heat tempered by rain -- Length of days and nights -- Causes for moderate heat in the tropics -- CHAPTER 11.-That there be other reasons besides the former men- tioned, which shew that the burning Zone is temperate, especially alongst the Ocean -- Causes for temperate climate in the tropics -- The sea tempers the heat -- CHAPTER 12.-That the highest lands are the coldest, and the reason thereof -- The middle region of the air the coldest -- Nature of the elements -- CHAPTER 13.-That the colde windes be the principall cause to make the burning Zone temperate -- Coolness of the night not sufficient to moderate Sun's heat -- Effect of winds in the tropics -- Land and Sea Breezes -- CHAPTER 14.- That they which inhabite under tfie Equinoctiall live a sweete and pleasant life -- Importance of healthy air -- A healthy life possible in the tropics -- These two books written in the Indies. The five following in Europe -- ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER -- THE NATURAL HISTORY. Third Book -- BOOK III -- CHAPTER 1.-That the naturall Historie of the Indies is pleasant and agreeable.He that takes delight in the works of nature shall taste the true pleasure of Histories.Works issued by the Hakluyt Society ;no. 60.Indians of MexicoEarly works to 1800Indians of South AmericaEarly works to 1800Indians of MexicoIndians of South America918Acosta José de1540-1600.355734Markham Clements R(Clements Robert),Sir,1830-1916.271034MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910809414103321The natural and moral history of the Indies4127177UNINA