04800nam 2200601Ia 450 991080626010332120200520144314.0(CKB)1000000000450651(EBL)3377692(SSID)ssj0000238563(PQKBManifestationID)11200053(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000238563(PQKBWorkID)10234655(PQKB)11346361(MiAaPQ)EBC3377692(EXLCZ)99100000000045065119960312d1996 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtccrRisk & innovation small companies in six industries : background papers prepared for the NAE Risk and Innovation Study1st ed.Washington, D.C. National Academy Press19961 online resource (160 p.)"Committee on Technology, Management, and Capital in Small High-Tech Companies." -- p. iii.0-309-58162-1 Includes bibliographical references.""RISK & INNOVATION""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""RISK & INNOVATION""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""SECTORS ADDRESSED BY THE PAPERS""; ""THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL RISK ON OPPORTUNITIES""; ""UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF POLICIES""; ""IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH""; ""ACCESS TO CAPITAL""; ""IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY""; ""REFERENCES""; ""ADVANCED DISPLAYS AND VISUAL SYSTEMS""; ""INDUSTRY BACKGROUND""; ""Market Size, Structure, and International Position""; ""Display Technologies""; ""Market History""; ""Consumer Electronics""; ""Computer Market""; ""Defense Market""""CURRENT MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUES""""A Critical Technology""; ""Japanese Business Dominance""; ""Entry of Korea and Taiwan""; ""The Dumping Case""; ""Recent Developments""; ""New Markets and Applications""; ""Personal Information Devices""; ""Virtual Reality Systems""; ""Portable Computing""; ""Smart Phones""; ""Medical Devices""; ""Avionics""; ""Military""; ""Video Capture""; ""Advanced Television""; ""THE ROLE OF SMALL COMPANIES""; ""Product Research and Development""; ""Manufacturing Research and Development""; ""Upstream Issues""; ""Downstream Issues""""Human and External Resource Issues""""Investment, Governance, and Strategy""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""APPENDIX: DESCRIPTIONS OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES""; ""REFERENCES""; ""IMPLANTABLE AND SURGICAL MEDICAL DEVICES""; ""THE MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY AND ITS MARKETS""; ""SOME SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICAL DEVICE INNOVATION""; ""The Science and Technology Interface""; ""The Role of Small Versus Large Firms""; ""University-Industry Interactions""; ""THE U.S. INNOVATION SYSTEM""; ""Sources Of Finance""; ""Venture Capital""; ""Public Support of Biomedical R&D""""Academic Medical Centers and Physician-Users""""FDA Regulatory Policies""; ""Health Care Financing Policies""; ""CONSEQUENCES FOR MEDICAL DEVICE INNOVATION""; ""R&D Investment""; ""The Changing Rate of Medical Device R&D""; ""The Changing Direction of Medical Device R&D""; ""CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""COMPUTER SOFTWARE""; ""SIZE AND SCOPE OF SOFTWARE SECTORS""; ""Programming Services and Systems Integration""; ""Prepackaged Software""; ""SOFTWARE DEPENDS CRITICALLY ON INNOVATION IN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES""; ""SMALL COMPANIES AND START-UPS EXPLOIT THESE OPPORTUNITIES""""Low Barriers to Entry""""Expanding, Fragmented Markets""; ""Dynamics of Technological Change""; ""Key Success Factors for New Companies""; ""Vision""; ""Product Development""; ""Intellectual and External Resources""; ""Downstream Issues""; ""Alliances""; ""FACTORS SHAPING INNOVATION IN SOFTWARE""; ""The Importance of Universities""; ""Large Companies as a Source of Technology""; ""Economic and Technological Risks are Encouraged""; ""POLICY QUESTIONS""; ""Spin-on Effects from Defense-Related Research and Development""; ""National Infrastructure Initiative""""The Importance of Defense System Acquisitions""Risk and innovationHigh technology industriesUnited StatesRiskUnited StatesSmall businessUnited StatesTechnological innovationsEconomic aspectsUnited StatesHigh technology industriesRiskSmall businessTechnological innovationsEconomic aspects338.6National Academy of Engineering.Committee on Technology, Management, and Capital in Small High-Tech Companies.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910806260103321Risk & innovation3918100UNINA