03349nam 2200409 450 991079559430332120220517092226.03-8325-9978-9(CKB)4340000000242298(MiAaPQ)EBC521625758a1c694-ef30-4010-8ebc-3edeb0dd2d03(EXLCZ)99434000000024229820180521d2016 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierExperimental investigations on particle number emissions from GDI engines /Markusa BertschBerlin :Logos Verlag,[2016]©20161 online resource (170 pages)Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für KolbenmaschinenPublicationDate: 201612313-8325-4403-8 Long description: This thesis discusses experimental investigations to reduce particle number emissions from gasoline engines with direct injection. Measures on a single cylinder research engine with combined usage of a particle number measurement system, a particle size distribution measurement system as well as optical diagnostics and thermodynamic analysis enable an in-depth assessment of particle formation and oxidation. Therefore, numerous optical diagnostic techniques for spray visualisation (Mie-scattering, High-Speed PIV) and soot detection (High-Speed-Imaging, Fiber optical diagnostics) are deployed. Two injectors with different hydraulic flows but identical spray-targeting are characterised and compared by measurements in a pressurised chamber. The operation at higher engine load and low engine speed is in the focus of the experimental work at the engine test bench. Thereby, the low flow velocities in the combustion chamber, caused by the low engine speed, as well as the large amount of fuel injected are major challenges for the mixture formation process. A substantial part of the thesis thus focusses on the detailed analysis of the mixture formation process, which is consisting of fuel injection, interaction of the in-cylinder charge motion with the fuel injected and the fuel properties. Measures for the optimisation of the mixture formation process and the minimisation of the particle number emissions are analysed and evaluated. The charge motion is manipulated by the impression of a directed flow, the variation of the valve timings and valve open curve. The injection process is influenced by a reduction of the hydraulic flow of the injector and an increase of the injection pressure up to 50 MPa. The investigations show fundamental effects and potentials of different variation parameters concerning their emissions reduction potential at the exemplary operation at high engine load. Due to the simultaneous analysis of the in-cylinder charge motion and a thermodynamic analysis, the results can be transferred to different engines.EnginesDesign and constructionEnginesDesign and construction.621.4Bertsch Markusa1476178MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910795594303321Experimental investigations on particle number emissions from GDI engines3690612UNINA02412nam 22004333a 450 991076579750332120250203235642.097888551871908855187198https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_347512(CKB)5400000000000574(ScCtBLL)29308f94-0399-4763-9f4d-bf0e91c613ab(OCoLC)1163835953(EXLCZ)99540000000000057420250203i20052020 uu itauru||||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierPoteri signorili e feudali nelle campagne dell'Italia settentrionale fra Tre e Quattrocento: fondamenti di legittimità e forme di esercizioAtti del convegno di studi Milano, 11-12 aprile 2003 /Varanini Gian Maria, Federica Cengarle, Giorgio Chittolini[s.l.] :Firenze University Press,2005.1 online resource (1 p.)Reti Medievali E-BookThis volume contains the proceedings of the study convention held in Milan on 11 and 12 April 2003. The objective of these study days was to address the question of the powers of lordship which were exercised in the countryside of central-northern Italy between the mid fourteenth century and the end of the fifteenth century. The discussions focused on what instruments and what foundations of legitimacy these same powers had and what was their relationship with the authority of the prince and with the ordinary citizen, on the one hand, and with the community and the homines on the other. These and various other issues thrown up by the study of feudal power are the topics which emerge in the various contributions gathered in this volume, devoted principally to the Lombardy of the Visconti and the Sforza, but also to other areas of Italy.Reti Medievali E-BookHistory / Europe / ItalybisacshHistoryHistory / Europe / ItalyHistory.Gian Maria Varanini63894Cengarle FedericaChittolini GiorgioScCtBLLScCtBLLBOOK9910765797503321Poteri signorili e feudali nelle campagne dell'Italia settentrionale fra Tre e Quattrocento: fondamenti di legittimità e forme di esercizio4320887UNINA