05317oam 22012734 450 991078840240332120230828235822.01-4623-9724-71-4527-1988-81-283-51735-31-4519-0799-09786613829801(CKB)3360000000443906(EBL)3012530(SSID)ssj0001477269(PQKBManifestationID)11857328(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001477269(PQKBWorkID)11452545(PQKB)10833613(OCoLC)535146924(MiAaPQ)EBC3012530(IMF)WPIEE2006003(EXLCZ)99336000000044390620020129d2006 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrHow Does Trade Openness Influence Budget Deficits in Developing Countries? /Jean-Louis Combes, Tahsin Saadi SedikWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2006.1 online resource (22 p.)IMF Working Papers"January 2006.""This paper is forthcoming in the Journal of development studies."--Abstract.1-4518-6263-6 Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-20).""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. THEORETICAL EFFECTS OF TRADE OPENNESS ON BUDGET DEFICITS""; ""III. THE MEASURE OF TERMS OF TRADE INSTABILITY""; ""IV. THE MEASURE OF THE REVEALED TRADE POLICY""; ""V. THE ECONOMETRIC STRATEGY""; ""VI. CONCLUSIONS""; ""APPENDIX I""; ""REFERENCES""This paper analyzes the effects of trade openness on budget balances by distinguishing the effects of natural openness from those of trade-policy induced openness. Using the GMMsystem estimator, the econometric analysis focuses on 66 developing countries during 1974-98. The results show that trade openness increases a country's exposure to external shocks regardless of its underlying causes. This reinforces the adverse effects of terms of trade instability on budget balances. However, trade openness also influences budget balances through several other channels: corruption, income inequalities, etc. The paper shows that these additional effects of natural openness and trade-policy induced openness on budget balances go in opposite directions: the former deteriorates budget balances whereas the latter improves them.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2006/003Terms of tradeDeveloping countriesBudgetDeveloping countriesBudgetingimfExports and ImportsimfPublic FinanceimfNational Deficit SurplusimfInternational Economic Order and IntegrationimfTrade PolicyimfInternational Trade OrganizationsimfNational BudgetimfBudget SystemsimfEmpirical Studies of TradeimfDebtimfDebt ManagementimfSovereign DebtimfNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: GeneralimfBudgeting & financial managementimfInternational economicsimfPublic finance & taxationimfBudget planning and preparationimfTerms of tradeimfTrade policyimfGovernment debt managementimfExpenditureimfBudgetimfEconomic policyimfnternational cooperationimfCommercial policyimfDebts, PublicimfExpenditures, PublicimfDeveloping countriesCommercial policyTerms of tradeBudgetBudgetingExports and ImportsPublic FinanceNational Deficit SurplusInternational Economic Order and IntegrationTrade PolicyInternational Trade OrganizationsNational BudgetBudget SystemsEmpirical Studies of TradeDebtDebt ManagementSovereign DebtNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: GeneralBudgeting & financial managementInternational economicsPublic finance & taxationBudget planning and preparationTerms of tradeTrade policyGovernment debt managementExpenditureBudgetEconomic policynternational cooperationCommercial policyDebts, PublicExpenditures, PublicCombes Jean-Louis655579Saadi Sedik Tahsin1548105International Monetary Fund.Fiscal Affairs Dept.DcWaIMFBOOK9910788402403321How Does Trade Openness Influence Budget Deficits in Developing Countries3849995UNINA05620nam 22008891 450 991097392170332120240402033319.09789027270917902727091010.1075/slcs.147(CKB)2550000001182132(EBL)1595192(SSID)ssj0001162231(PQKBManifestationID)11686392(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001162231(PQKBWorkID)11151647(PQKB)10451252(MiAaPQ)EBC1595192(Au-PeEL)EBL1595192(CaPaEBR)ebr10827040(CaONFJC)MIL562158(OCoLC)868284094(DE-B1597)717148(DE-B1597)9789027270917(EXLCZ)99255000000118213220140116h20142014 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierLanguage description informed by theory /edited by Rob Pensalfini, Myfany Turpin, Diana Guillemin1st ed.Amsterdam :John Benjamins Publishing Company,[2014]©20141 online resource (403 p.)Studies in Language Companion Series ;147Studies in language companion seriesDescription based upon print version of record.9789027206145 9027206147 9781306309073 1306309077 Language Description Informed by Theory; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; List of contributors; Editors' introduction; Rob Pensalfini1, Diana Guillemin2 & Myfany Turpin1; Editors' Introduction; 1. Language description and language theory; 2. Language descriptions informed by theory; 3. Mary Napaljarri Laughren; References; Bibliography of Mary Laughren*; Myfany Turpin1 & Diana Guillemin2; Bibliography of Mary Laughren*; 1. Publications; 1. Unpublished materials (Dissertations, Papers, Manuscripts) held in archives; 1. Warlpiri Literature (Translations by Mary Laughren)1. Collated collections (umbers refer to the AIATSIS accession number)1. Audio-visual publications and field recordings deposited at AIATSIS; Evaluating Bilingual Education in Warlpiri schools*; Samantha Disbray; Evaluating Bilingual Education in Warlpiri schools*; 1. Introduction; 2. Evaluation of the Bilingual Education Programs; 2.1 Evaluation of the Bilingual Education Programs: English literacy; 2.2 Evaluation of the Bilingual Education Programs: Wider Criteria; 3. Warlpiri Bilingual Education Program; 3.1 Teacher training and the Warlpiri professional network3.2 Warlpiri Literacy Production3.3 Warlpiri Dictionary Project and the Development of Warlpiri Curriculum; 4. A Final wind back?; References; part 1; Phonology; Phonological aspects of Arandic baby talk*; Myfany Turpin1, Katherine Demuth2 & April Ngampart Campbell3; Phonological aspects of Arandic baby talk*; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Background to Arandic baby talk; 1.2 Background to Arandic languages; 1.3 Age-graded forms of Arandic baby talk; 1.4 Methodology; 1.5 Arandic phonemes; 2. Segmental processes in ABT; 2.1 Collapse of coronal distinctions in early ABT4.1 Shared vocabulary between WBT and ABT4.2 Source of the unique BT terms; 5. Discussion; 6. Conclusion; References; Prestopping of nasals and laterals is only partly parallel*; Erich Round; Prestopping of nasals and laterals is only partly parallel*; 1. Introduction; 2. Nasals; 2.1 Nasal articulation and Acoustic cues; 2.2 The timing of velic lowering in enhancement theory; 3. Laterals; 3.1 Lateral articulation and its parallels with nasals; 3.2 Parallels between laterals and nasals with respect to enhancement; 4. A critical evaluation of claimed perceptual parallels in pre-stopping4.1 Prestopping of laterals is unlikely to enhance place cuesThis chapter examines the connections between shared cultural knowledge about kinship structure and the pragmatic inferences that enable interlocutors to assess each other's (multiple) perspectives. By drawing on Bininj Gunwok conversational data this chapter shows how linguistic choices are influenced by the dynamics of social relationships, particularly by context-specific speaker goals and stance-taking that focuses on intersubjectivity. The choice of kinterm is an essential component of stance-taking. A switch in kinterm shifts the indexes of various aspects of speaker agency (e.g. effectiStudies in Language Companion SeriesEnglish languageLinguisticsModality (Linguistics)Warlpiri language C15aiatsislArrernte language C8aiatsislJingulu language C22aiatsislWambaya language C19aiatsislKunwinjku language N65aiatsislEnglish language.Linguistics.Modality (Linguistics)Warlpiri language C15Arrernte language C8Jingulu language C22Wambaya language C19Kunwinjku language N65425Pensalfini Rob863363Turpin Myfany1972-1779768Guillemin Diana1799796MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910973921703321Language description informed by theory4344816UNINA