06603oam 22013454 450 991078833920332120230721045656.01-4623-2651-X1-4527-9043-497866128428251-4518-7208-91-282-84282-X(CKB)3170000000055222(EBL)1608221(SSID)ssj0000939963(PQKBManifestationID)11592410(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000939963(PQKBWorkID)10948120(PQKB)10240813(OCoLC)467298260(MiAaPQ)EBC1608221(IMF)WPIEE2009061(EXLCZ)99317000000005522220020129d2009 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrUniversal Health Care 101 : Lessons for the Eastern Caribbean and Beyond /Evridiki TsountaWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2009.1 online resource (37 p.)IMF Working PapersDescription based upon print version of record.1-4519-1643-4 Includes bibliographical references.Contents; I. Introduction; II. What are the Available Financing Options for Universal Health Care?; III. The Challenges of Population Aging and the Epidemiological Transition; IV. What Would Be the Optimal Tax: General Taxation Versus Mandatory Payroll/ Social Security Contributions?; V. Providing Universal Coverage: A Single Provider or Numerous Providers?; Boxes; 1. National Health Insurance in Taiwan Province of China (POC); VI. Designing the Benefit Package; 2. The Targeting of Health Services to the Poor: An International PerspectiveVII. Preconditions for Successfully Implementing Health Care Reforms3. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 4. Examples of Planning and Gradually Extending Universal Health Care: Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables; 1. Selected Countries with Universal Health Care; 2. Selected Caribbean Countries Planning Universal Health Care Coverage; 3. ECCU: Official Development Assistance for Health, 1973-2005; Figures; 1. ECCU: Long-Term Health Care Costs, 2005-35; 2. ECCU: Diabetes Prevalence by Age Group, 2000-303. ECCU: Cost of Treating Diabetes, 2000-30Appendices; I. Proposed Universal Health Care System in St. Lucia; II. Projecting Long-term Health Care Costs Due to Population Aging; III. Estimating Age-adjusted Health SpendingDespite the increasing interest in universal health care, little is known about the optimal way to finance, design, and implement it. This paper attempts to fill this gap by providing some general policy recommendations on this important issue. While most of the paper addresses the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) countries, its policy implications are applicable to any country. The paper finds that the best financing option is country-specific depending on a country’s economic, cultural, institutional, demographic and epidemiological characteristics, as well as political economy considerations. However, taxation should be the primary financing source. It also concludes that an appropriate and realistic benefit package would need to be designed to ensure the system’s financial viability. Regarding the optimal way to implement universal health care, certain preconditions are needed, including sound public administration, a small informal economy, and a transparent health financing system that builds social consensus.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2009/061Medical economicsMedical care, Cost ofPublic FinanceimfTaxationimfHealth PolicyimfDemographyimfNational Government Expenditures and HealthimfAnalysis of Health Care MarketsimfHealth: Government PolicyimfRegulationimfPublic HealthimfHealth: GeneralimfPersonal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and SubsidiesimfEconomics of the ElderlyimfEconomics of the HandicappedimfNon-labor Market DiscriminationimfPublic finance & taxationimfHealth systems & servicesimfHealth economicsimfWelfare & benefit systemsimfPopulation & demographyimfHealth care spendingimfHealth careimfHealthimfSocial security contributionsimfAgingimfExpenditureimfTaxesimfPopulation and demographicsimfExpenditures, PublicimfMedical careimfSocial securityimfPopulation agingimfTaiwan Province of ChinaimfMedical economics.Medical care, Cost of.Public FinanceTaxationHealth PolicyDemographyNational Government Expenditures and HealthAnalysis of Health Care MarketsHealth: Government PolicyRegulationPublic HealthHealth: GeneralPersonal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and SubsidiesEconomics of the ElderlyEconomics of the HandicappedNon-labor Market DiscriminationPublic finance & taxationHealth systems & servicesHealth economicsWelfare & benefit systemsPopulation & demographyHealth care spendingHealth careHealthSocial security contributionsAgingExpenditureTaxesPopulation and demographicsExpenditures, PublicMedical careSocial securityPopulation agingTsounta Evridiki1493448International Monetary Fund.DcWaIMFBOOK9910788339203321Universal Health Care 1013716443UNINA