03837nam 2200697 450 991045975550332120210625000825.03-486-99091-83-486-85670-710.1524/9783486856705(CKB)3710000000229227(EBL)1642687(SSID)ssj0001332412(PQKBManifestationID)12552365(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001332412(PQKBWorkID)11375819(PQKB)11191556(MiAaPQ)EBC1642687(DE-B1597)241544(OCoLC)979770010(OCoLC)987331218(DE-B1597)9783486856705(Au-PeEL)EBL1642687(CaPaEBR)ebr11004480(CaONFJC)MIL805494(OCoLC)890070917(EXLCZ)99371000000022922720150124h20142014 uy 0engurnn#---|u||utxtccrAN/FSQ-7 the computer that shaped the Cold War /Bernd Ulmann ; editor, Gerhard Pappert ; cover picture, Ron BrunellMunich, Germany :De Gruyter Oldenbourg,2014.©20141 online resource (272 p.)Description based upon print version of record.3-486-72766-4 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --Acknowledgments --Contents --1. Introduction --2. Setting the stage --3. Whirlwind --4. SAGE --5. Basic circuitry --6. Central processor --7. Drum system --8. Input/output system --9. Display system --10. Machine consoles --11. Power supply --12. Programming --13. Software --14. Failure or Success? --15. Epilogue --A. Whirlwind instruction set --B. Programming cards --Bibliography --Acronyms --IndexDas Buch widmet sich AN/FSQ-7, einem der aussergewöhnlichsten und einflussreichsten Digitalrechner aller Zeiten, über den erst in den letzten Jahren (aufgrund von Geheimhaltungsvorschriften) detaillierte Informationen zugänglich wurden. Über einen Zeitraum von über 30 Jahren wurden in den USA 23 Rechenzentren auf Basis von jeweils zwei AN/FSQ-7 betrieben, die das Herz von SAGE, dem Semi Automatic Ground Environment bildeten, das für die Luftraumüberwachung der USA und (in Teilen) Kanada zuständig war.One of the most impressive computer systems ever was the vacuum tube based behemoth AN/FSQ-7, which was the heart of the ''Semi Automatic Ground Environment''. Machines of this type were children of the Cold War and had a tremendous effect in politics. They also generated a vast amount of spin-offs which still shape our world. This book focuses on the technological achievements and details of this marvelous machine and of its predecessor Whirlwind. The various developments, ranging from magnetic core memory to data transmission via telephone lines, are covered in detail with schematics, circuit descriptions and small programming examples. This book is a treasure trove for those interested in the technology of early digital computers and those interested in the impact these machines had and still have on our current computer systems.AN/FSQ-7 (Computer)Command and control systemsUnited StatesHistoryCold WarElectronic books.AN/FSQ-7 (Computer)Command and control systemsHistory.Cold War.355.3/3041Ulmann Bernd1038182Pappert GerhardBrunell RonMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910459755503321AN2476421UNINA05217oam 22011534 450 991078823910332120230721045631.01-4623-8910-41-4527-7027-11-282-84056-897866128405621-4518-6962-2(CKB)3170000000055012(EBL)1607849(SSID)ssj0001488371(PQKBManifestationID)11805053(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001488371(PQKBWorkID)11430473(PQKB)11542031(OCoLC)815737074(MiAaPQ)EBC1607849(IMF)WPIEE2008101(EXLCZ)99317000000005501220020129d2008 uf 0engurcnu||||||||txtccrWelfare Gains of Aid Indexation in Small Open Economies /Anubha DhasmanaWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2008.1 online resource (40 p.)IMF Working PapersIMF working paper ;WP/08/101Description based upon print version of record.1-4519-1416-4 Includes bibliographical references.Contents; I. Introduction; II. Primary Commodity Exports and Price Volatility; III. The Benchmark Model; IV. Model Calibration and Comparative Statics; V. Dynamics; VI. Results; VII. Conclusion; Figures; 1. Resource flow as a percentage of GDP; Tables; 1. Dynamic behavior of Aid; 2. Share of the leading primary commodity export (97-99); 3. Share of the Top Three Primary Commodities, (1997-99); 4. Instability indices of prices of major primary commodities during 1957-1999; 2. Steady state values; 3. Sensitivity analysis; 6. Welfare cost under alternative model specifications7. Welfare gains from indexed Aid 4. Stationary capital distribution; 8. Welfare gains from indexed Aid; 9. Welfare gains from indexed Aid; References; ReferencesForeign aid flows to poor, aid-dependent economies are highly volatile and pro-cyclical. Shortfalls in aid coincide with shortfalls in GDP and government revenues. This increases the consumption volatility in aid dependent countries, thereby causing substantial welfare losses. This paper finds that indexing aid flows to exogenous shocks like a change in the terms of trade can significantly improve the welfare of aid-dependent country by lowering its output and consumption volatility. Compared to the benchmark specification with stochastic aid flows, indexation of aid flows to terms of trade shocks can reduce the cost of business cycle fluctuations in the recipient country by four percent of permanent consumption. Moreover, use of indexed aid can allow donors to reduce the aid flows by three percent without lowering the level of welfare in the recipient country.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2008/101Economic assistanceDeveloping countriesEconometric modelsEconomic developmentDeveloping countriesEconometric modelsBusiness cyclesDeveloping countriesEconometric modelsInvestments: CommoditiesimfExports and ImportsimfMacroeconomicsimfForeign AidimfEmpirical Studies of TradeimfMacroeconomics: ConsumptionimfSavingimfWealthimfAgriculture: GeneralimfTrade: GeneralimfInternational economicsimfInvestment & securitiesimfAid flowsimfTerms of tradeimfConsumptionimfAgricultural commoditiesimfExportsimfEconomic assistanceimfEconomic policyimfnternational cooperationimfEconomicsimfFarm produceimfBurkina FasoimfEconomic assistanceEconometric models.Economic developmentEconometric models.Business cyclesEconometric models.Investments: CommoditiesExports and ImportsMacroeconomicsForeign AidEmpirical Studies of TradeMacroeconomics: ConsumptionSavingWealthAgriculture: GeneralTrade: GeneralInternational economicsInvestment & securitiesAid flowsTerms of tradeConsumptionAgricultural commoditiesExportsEconomic assistanceEconomic policynternational cooperationEconomicsFarm produce338.91Dhasmana Anubha1463966DcWaIMFBOOK9910788239103321Welfare Gains of Aid Indexation in Small Open Economies3673500UNINA