05890oam 22007815 450 991078731780332120200520144314.00-8213-9969-110.1596/978-0-8213-9968-2(CKB)2670000000395727(EBL)1463587(SSID)ssj0000916890(PQKBManifestationID)11466135(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000916890(PQKBWorkID)10878356(PQKB)11484565(MiAaPQ)EBC1463587(DLC) 2013022172(Au-PeEL)EBL1463587(CaPaEBR)ebr10732004(CaONFJC)MIL546819(OCoLC)858599186(The World Bank)17761501(US-djbf)17761501(EXLCZ)99267000000039572720130603d2013 uy 0engurcn|||||||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierImproving skills development in the informal sector strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa /Arvil V. Adams, Sara Johansson de Silva, and Setareh RazmarWashington, DC :The World Bank,[2013]1 online resource (pages cm)Directions in developmentDescription based upon print version of record.0-8213-9968-3 Includes bibliographical references.Front Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Overview; Background; Figure O.1 Youth and Urban Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1985, 2010, and 2035; Figure O.2 Wage and Salaried Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1980s-2000s; Figures; Main Findings; Figure O.3 Distribution of Log Monthly Earnings by Formality Status in Nigeria; Figure O.4 Percentage of Population Belonging to the Three Poorest Consumption Quintiles in Formal, Informal, and Farm Sectors of Rwanda and Kenya; Figure O.5 Women Employed in Informal and Formal Sectors of Selected CountriesFigure O.6 Share of Population with Primary Levels of Education or More in the Formal and Informal SectorsFigure O.7 Employment by Education Level in Different Sectors of Tanzania; Figure O.8 Access to Apprenticeship across Groups in Ghana; Figure O.9 Predicted Probabilities by Educational Attainment in Rwanda; Figure O.10 Returns to Education for Wage Workers Compared with Nonwage Workers in Tanzania; Main Policy Recommendations; References; Chapter 1 Introduction; In This Chapter; Background; Public Interest in the Nonfarm Informal SectorFigure 1.1 Informal Economy as a Percentage of GNP in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2006-07Figure 1.2 Youth and Urban Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1985, 2010, and 2035; Figure 1.3 Wage and Salaried Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1980s-2000s; Skills Play Different Roles in the Formal and Informal Sectors; Tables; Table 1.1 Self-Employment as a Percentage of All Nonfarm Employment and Women as a Percentage of Self-Employment, Latest Survey Year; Boxes; Box 1.1 Why Skills Development Differs in the Informal and Formal Sectors; What We Know about Skills and the Informal SectorFigure 1.4 Percentage of Firms Offering Formal Training Programs for Permanent, Full-Time Employees, Latest Year AvailableObjectives and Structure of This Book; Notes; References; Part 1 Findings and Actions; Chapter 2 Employment in the Informal Sector; In This Chapter; Introduction; Table 2.1 Household Surveys Used for Analysis of the Informal Sector; Table 2.2 Differing Accessibility to Data for Classifying Employment in the Informal Sector among Countries and Their Household Surveys; A Profile of Those Employed; Table 2.3 Total Employmenta by Sector of WorkTable 2.4 Growth of Nonfarm Employment and Self-EmploymentFigure 2.1 Informal Sector Earnings Compared with Farm Sector Earnings in Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, and Rwanda; Figure 2.2 Distribution of Wages and Earnings in Ghana and Kenya; Figure 2.3 Urban Share of Formal and Informal Sector Work in Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, and Kenya; Table 2.5 Distribution of Employed by Sector and Household Consumption Quintile, Rwanda and Kenya; Figure 2.4 Women's Share of Informal Sector Work by Area in Rwanda; Figure 2.5 Gender Distribution of EmploymentTable 2.6 Main Reasons for Entering the Informal Sector in TanzaniaThe informal sector of Sub-Saharan Africa is comprised of small and household enterprises that operate in the non-farm sector outside the protected employment of the formal wage sector. The sector was identified 40 years ago by the ILO representing a pool of surplus labor that was expected to be absorbed by future industrialization, but rather than gradually disappearing, it has become a persistent feature of the region's economic landscape accounting for a majority of jobs created off the farm. Acknowledging its potential as a source of employment for the region's expanding workforce and imprWorld Bank e-Library.Informal sector (Economics)Africa, Sub-SaharanSmall businessAfrica, Sub-SaharanLaborAfrica, Sub-SaharanLabor marketAfrica, Sub-SaharanVocational educationAfrica, Sub-SaharanAfrica, Sub-SaharanEconomic policyInformal sector (Economics)Small businessLaborLabor marketVocational education331Adams Arvil V120925Silva Sara Johansson de1508357Razmara Setareh1508358World Bank.DLCDLCBOOK9910787317803321Improving skills development in the informal sector3739706UNINA