05252nam 2200637 450 991078724820332120200520144314.00-12-801965-4(CKB)3710000000283086(EBL)1864165(SSID)ssj0001412050(PQKBManifestationID)11763405(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001412050(PQKBWorkID)11406475(PQKB)10876287(Au-PeEL)EBL1864165(CaPaEBR)ebr10990517(CaONFJC)MIL785255(OCoLC)896794331(PPN)264412958(CaSebORM)9780128019511(MiAaPQ)EBC1864165(EXLCZ)99371000000028308620141212h20152015 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrInequality, democracy and growth in Brazil a country at the crossroads of economic development /Marcos MendesFirst edition.London, England :Elsevier :AP,2015.©20151 online resource (281 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-12-801951-4 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front Cover; Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil: A Country at the Crossroads of EconomicDevelopment; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Disclaimers; About the Author; Acknowledgments; Dedication; Introduction; Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Reference; Chapter 1: Low Economic Growth and its Proximate Causes; 1.1 . Introduction; 1.2 . Sources of economic growth 1 ; 1.3 . The Brazilian economy during the military government (1964-1984) and the transition to democracy; 1.4 . Low growth; 1.5 . Proximate causes for low growth in 10 stylized facts1.5.1 . STYLIZED FACT 1: Current Governmental non-Financial Expenditures have Steadily Grown1.5.2 . STYLIZED FACT 2: The Tax Burden had to be Raised to Finance Increasing Expenditures; 1.5.3 . STYLIZED FACT 3: Tax Increases were not Sufficient to Finance Growing Expenditures and, as a Consequence, Public ...; 1.5.4 . STYLIZED FACT 4: High Interest Rates; 1.5.5 . STYLIZED FACT 5: Infrastructure Bottlenecks; 1.5.6 . STYLIZED FACT 6: Skyrocketing Minimum Wage; 1.5.7 . STYLIZED FACT 7: The Brazilian Economy is Closed to International Trade1.5.8 . STYLIZED FACT 8: Judicial Uncertainty and Poor Protection of Property Rights1.5.9 . STYLIZED FACT 9: A Large Number of Small and Informal Companies Drive Average Productivity Down; 1.5.10 . STYLIZED FACT 10: Educational Backwardness; 1.6 . The story behind low growth; Annex 1A .1. The Main Electoral and Political Institutions in the New Brazilian Democracy; References; Chapter 2: Inequality; 2.1 . Introduction; 2.2 . The composition of inequality; 2.3 . The fall of inequality since the mid-1990s; 2.4 . Will inequality continue to fall?2.5 . Are social policies effective in reducing inequality?2.6 . Did inequality only begin to fall more intensely as of 2001?; 2.7 . Social stratification after two decades of poverty and inequality reduction; 2.8 . Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Redistribution to the Rich; 3.1 . Introduction; 3.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 3.3 . Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . Slow and Inefficient Judicial System; 3.4.2 . Regulatory Agency Weakness; 3.4.3 . Privileged Access to Public CreditBndesConstitutional Funds; State-Company-Sponsored Pension Funds; Political Connections and Access to Credit; 3.4.4 . Protection of National Industry; Arguments in Favor of Industrial Protection; Critiques of Industrial Protection; Why Is Industrial Protection so Resistant?; References; Chapter 4: Redistribution to the Poor; 4.1 . Introduction; 4.2 . What does economic theory have to say?; 4.3 . The fiscal impact of income transfer to the poor; 4.4 . Expansion of public education for the poor and its Fiscal impact; 4.5 . Expansion of public health to the poor and its fiscal impact4.6 . ConclusionsIn terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos José Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economicEqualityBrazilBrazilEconomic conditions1985-Equality306.20981Mendes Marcos1471912MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910787248203321Inequality, democracy and growth in Brazil3684449UNINA04373oam 2200517 450 991079079230332120230315143448.01-940308-18-6(OCoLC)861227779(MiFhGG)GVRL6OFK(EXLCZ)99255000000115023720131007d2013 uy 0engurun|---uuuuatxtccrWho's buying by race and Hispanic originEighth edition.Amityville, N.Y. :New Strategist Press,2013.1 online resource (125 pages) illustrationsThe who's buying seriesDescription based upon print version of record.1-935775-85-5 Table 1. Household spending trends, 2000 to 2010; Table 2. Average spending by race and Hispanic origin of householder, 2010; Table 3. Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin of householder, 2010; Table 4. Total spending by race and Hispanic origin of householder, 2010; Table 5. Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 6. Apparel: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 7. Apparel: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 8. Apparel: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 9. Apparel: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 10. Entertainment: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 11. Entertainment: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 12. Entertainment: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 13. Entertainment: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 14. Financial Products and Services: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 15. Financial Products and Services: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 16. Financial Products and Services: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 17. Financial Products and Services: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 18. Food and Alcoholic Beverages: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 19. Food and Alcoholic Beverages: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 20. Food and Alcoholic Beverages: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 21. Food and Alcoholic Beverages: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 22. Gifts for People in Other Households: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 23. Gifts for People in Other Households: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 24. Gifts for People in Other Households: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 25. Gifts for People in Other Households: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 26. Health Care: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 27. Health Care: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 28. Health Care: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 29. Health Care: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 30. Housing: Household Operations: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 31. Housing: Household Operations: Indexed spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 32. Housing: Household Operations: Total spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010; Table 33. Housing: Household Operations: Market shares by race and Hispanic origin, 2010Table 34. Housing: Shelter and Utilities: Average spending by race and Hispanic origin, 2010The demographics of spending by race and Hispanic origin on hundreds of products and services in ten major categories ranging from apparel to transportation.Who's buying series.Consumers' preferencesUnited StatesStatisticsEthnicityEconomic aspectsUnited StatesConsumersUnited StatesStatisticsConsumers' preferencesEthnicityEconomic aspectsConsumers389.5New Strategist Publications, Inc.MiFhGGMiFhGGBOOK9910790792303321Who's buying by race and Hispanic origin2175180UNINA