06219nam 2201129Ia 450 991078331590332120221222201121.00-520-94039-31-59734-590-310.1525/9780520940390(CKB)1000000000030726(EBL)227292(OCoLC)475933518(SSID)ssj0000145622(PQKBManifestationID)11158342(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000145622(PQKBWorkID)10182208(PQKB)10515083(MiAaPQ)EBC227292(DE-B1597)519147(DE-B1597)9780520940390(Au-PeEL)EBL227292(CaPaEBR)ebr10075624(EXLCZ)99100000000003072620040701d2005 ub 0engur||#||||||||txtccrEmancipation betrayed[electronic resource] the hidden history of Black organizing and white violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the bloody election of 1920 /Paul OrtizBerkeley University of California Pressc20051 online resource (433 p.)American Crossroads ;16"George Gund Foundation imprint in African American studies."0-520-25003-6 0-520-23946-6 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --Contents --List of Illustrations --List of Tables --Preface: Election Day in Florida --Acknowledgments --Prologue: Slavery and Civil War --1. The Promise Of Reconstruction --2. The Struggle To Save Democracy --3. We Are In The Hands Of The Devil --4. To Gain These Fruits That Have Been Earned --5. To See That None Suffer --6. Looking For A Free State To Live In --7. Echoes Of Emancipation --8. With Babies In Their Arms --9. Election Day, 1920 --Conclusion: Legacies Of The Florida Movement --Notes --Selected Bibliography --IndexIn this penetrating examination of African American politics and culture, Paul Ortiz throws a powerful light on the struggle of black Floridians to create the first statewide civil rights movement against Jim Crow. Concentrating on the period between the end of slavery and the election of 1920, Emancipation Betrayed vividly demonstrates that the decades leading up to the historic voter registration drive of 1919-20 were marked by intense battles during which African Americans struck for higher wages, took up arms to prevent lynching, forged independent political alliances, boycotted segregated streetcars, and created a democratic historical memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Contrary to previous claims that African Americans made few strides toward building an effective civil rights movement during this period, Ortiz documents how black Floridians formed mutual aid organizations-secret societies, women's clubs, labor unions, and churches-to bolster dignity and survival in the harsh climate of Florida, which had the highest lynching rate of any state in the union. African Americans called on these institutions to build a statewide movement to regain the right to vote after World War I. African American women played a decisive role in the campaign as they mobilized in the months leading up to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. The 1920 contest culminated in the bloodiest Election Day in modern American history, when white supremacists and the Ku Klux Klan violently, and with state sanction, prevented African Americans from voting. Ortiz's eloquent interpretation of the many ways that black Floridians fought to expand the meaning of freedom beyond formal equality and his broader consideration of how people resist oppression and create new social movements illuminate a strategic era of United States history and reveal how the legacy of legal segregation continues to play itself out to this day.African AmericansFloridaPolitics and government19th centuryAfrican AmericansFloridaPolitics and government20th centuryAfrican AmericansCivil rightsFloridaHistoryAfrican AmericansFloridaSocial conditionsRacismFloridaHistory19th centuryRacismFloridaHistory20th centuryViolenceFloridaHistory19th centuryViolenceFloridaHistory20th centuryFloridaRace relationsFloridaPolitics and government1865-195019th amendment.19th century american history.20th century american history.african american culture.african american politics.black floridians.civil rights movement.civil war.election day.emancipation.higher wages.historical memory.historical.jim crow era.kkk.ku klux klan.labor unions.lynching.mutual aid organizations.oppression.politics.reconstruction.retrospective.segregated streetcars.slavery.social movements.strikes.united states of america.voter registration drive.white supremacists.African AmericansPolitics and governmentAfrican AmericansPolitics and governmentAfrican AmericansCivil rightsHistory.African AmericansSocial conditions.RacismHistoryRacismHistoryViolenceHistoryViolenceHistory305.896/0730759/09034Ortiz Paul1964-1467812MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910783315903321Emancipation betrayed3678655UNINA