05241nam 22011773u 450 991078213640332120230929200846.00-8213-7545-810.1596/978-0-8213-7544-0(CKB)1000000000537660(EBL)459631(OCoLC)248013766(SSID)ssj0000087480(PQKBManifestationID)11113061(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000087480(PQKBWorkID)10054559(PQKB)10923389(MiAaPQ)EBC459631(EXLCZ)99100000000053766020130418d2008|||| u|| |engur|n|---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierImproving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa[electronic resource] Assessment of Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Flexibilities UtilizationWashington, D.C. World Bank Publications20081 online resource (84 pages)Directions in Development.Description based upon print version of record.0-8213-7544-X Contents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Overview; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Overview of the TRIPS Agreement and Flexibilities; Table 2.1 TRIPS Flexibilities That Facilitate Protection of Public Health; Chapter 3 Local Production: Experiences in Four African Countries; Table 3.1 Key Socioeconomic Indicators; Table 3.2 Varichem's ARV Production Line; Table 3.3 Cosmos's ARV Production Line; Table 3.4 Supply of ARVs to the South Africa Department of Health; Table 3.5 Danadams's ARV Production LineFigure 3.1 Percentage of ARVs Purchased by Government of Ghana from Danadams and Other Firms 2005Figure 3.2 Comparison of Prices for Local and Imported Generic ARVs in Ghana, 2005; Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations; Appendix A HIV/AIDS Medicines under Patent in Sub-Saharan Africa; Appendix B List of Persons Interviewed; BibliographyThe Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) requires all WTO members to adopt certain minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights including the rights of holders of patents for pharmaceutical products. The adoption of the standards delineated by the TRIPS Agreement appears to have resulted in significant loss of public health policy flexibilities for developing country members with respect to regulating the grant and use of pharmaceutical patents and controlling the cost of medicines. The Agreement, however, provides inherent flexibilDirections in development (Washington, D.C.)Antiretroviral agentsAntiretroviral agentsAfrica, Sub-SaharanPatentsAntiretroviral agentsAfrica, Sub-SaharanDelivery of Health CareAnti-Retroviral AgentsIntellectual PropertyIndustryPatient Care ManagementAntiviral AgentsTechnology, Industry, and AgricultureJurisprudenceHealth Care Quality, Access, and EvaluationSocial Control, FormalHealth Services AdministrationHealth CareAnti-Infective AgentsTherapeutic UsesHealth Care Economics and OrganizationsSociologyPharmacologic ActionsSocial SciencesChemical Actions and UsesHealth Services AccessibilityDrug IndustryAnti-HIV AgentsPatents as TopicAfricaAfrica South of the SaharaAntiretroviral agents.Antiretroviral agentsAntiretroviral agentsDelivery of Health CareAnti-Retroviral AgentsIntellectual PropertyIndustryPatient Care ManagementAntiviral AgentsTechnology, Industry, and AgricultureJurisprudenceHealth Care Quality, Access, and EvaluationSocial Control, FormalHealth Services AdministrationHealth CareAnti-Infective AgentsTherapeutic UsesHealth Care Economics and OrganizationsSociologyPharmacologic ActionsSocial SciencesChemical Actions and UsesHealth Services AccessibilityDrug IndustryAnti-HIV AgentsPatents as Topic362.196/9188061Osewe Patrick L(Patrick Lumumba)1462932Sackey EmmanuelNkrumah Yvonne K(Yvonne Korkoi)World BankAU-PeELAU-PeELAU-PeELBOOK9910782136403321Improving Access to HIV3672091UNINA