05086nam 2200805Ia 450 991078086130332120230721024645.01-282-46328-41-282-93576-3978661293576397866124632801-4008-3149-010.1515/9781400831494(CKB)2520000000007015(EBL)537641(OCoLC)638860546(SSID)ssj0000419558(PQKBManifestationID)11929556(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000419558(PQKBWorkID)10382537(PQKB)10235387(MiAaPQ)EBC537641(DE-B1597)446696(OCoLC)979881638(DE-B1597)9781400831494(MiAaPQ)EBC4968554(Au-PeEL)EBL537641(CaPaEBR)ebr10359231(CaONFJC)MIL293576(Au-PeEL)EBL4968554(CaONFJC)MIL246328(OCoLC)741250476(EXLCZ)99252000000000701520090727d2009 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrHigh-energy radiation from black holes[electronic resource] gamma rays, cosmic rays, and neutrinos /Charles D. Dermer, Govind MenonCourse BookPrinceton, N.J. ;Woodstock Princeton University Pressc20091 online resource (561 p.)Princeton series in astrophysicsDescription based upon print version of record.0-691-13795-1 0-691-14408-7 Includes bibliographical references and index. Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Chapter One. Introduction -- Chapter Two. Relativistic Kinematics -- Chapter Four. Physical Cosmology -- Chapter Five. Radiation Physics of Relativistic Flows -- Chapter Six. Compton Scattering -- Chapter Seven. Synchrotron Radiation -- Chapter Eight. Binary Particle Collision Processes -- Chapter Nine. Photohadronic Processes -- Chapter Nine. Pair Production -- Chapter Eleven. Blast-Wave Physics -- Chapter Twelve. Introduction to Fermi Acceleration -- Chapter Thirteen. First-Order Fermi Acceleration -- Chapter Fourteen. Second-Order Fermi Acceleration -- Chapter Fifteen. The Geometry of Spacetime -- Chapter Sixteen. Black-Hole Electrodynamics -- Chapter Seventeen. High-Energy Radiations from Black Holes -- Appendix A. Essential Tensor Calculus -- Appendix B. Mathematical Functions -- Appendix C. Solutions of the Continuity Equation -- Appendix D. Basics of Monte Carlo Calculations -- Appendix E. Supplementary Information -- Appendix F. Glossary and Acronym List -- References -- IndexBright gamma-ray flares observed from sources far beyond our Milky Way Galaxy are best explained if enormous amounts of energy are liberated by black holes. The highest- energy particles in nature--the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays--cannot be confined by the Milky Way's magnetic field, and must originate from sources outside our Galaxy. Understanding these energetic radiations requires an extensive theoretical framework involving the radiation physics and strong-field gravity of black holes. In High Energy Radiation from Black Holes, Charles Dermer and Govind Menon present a systematic exposition of black-hole astrophysics and general relativity in order to understand how gamma rays, cosmic rays, and neutrinos are produced by black holes. Beginning with Einstein's special and general theories of relativity, the authors give a detailed mathematical description of fundamental astrophysical radiation processes, including Compton scattering of electrons and photons, synchrotron radiation of particles in magnetic fields, photohadronic interactions of cosmic rays with photons, gamma-ray attenuation, Fermi acceleration, and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism for energy extraction from rotating black holes. The book provides a basis for graduate students and researchers in the field to interpret the latest results from high-energy observatories, and helps resolve whether energy released by rotating black holes powers the highest-energy radiations in nature. The wide range of detail will make High Energy Radiation from Black Holes a standard reference for black-hole research.Princeton series in astrophysics.Black holes (Astronomy)Cosmic raysGamma ray astronomyNeutrinosBlack holes (Astronomy)Cosmic rays.Gamma ray astronomy.Neutrinos.523.8875US 2200rvkDermer Charles1505630Govind Menon1505631MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910780861303321High-energy radiation from black holes3735309UNINA04453oam 22009734 450 991078841180332120230828232702.01-4623-7200-71-4527-3904-81-283-36411-597866138235571-4527-0332-9(CKB)3360000000443351(EBL)3014552(SSID)ssj0000940045(PQKBManifestationID)11528463(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940045(PQKBWorkID)10948457(PQKB)10285497(OCoLC)694141265(MiAaPQ)EBC3014552(IMF)WPIEE2006150(EXLCZ)99336000000044335120020129d2006 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrAn Empirical Investigation of the Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Inflation in Tanzania /Nkunde MwaseWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2006.1 online resource (36 p.)IMF Working Papers"June 2006."1-4518-6410-8 Includes bibliographical references.""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. MONEY, EXCHANGE RATES, AND INFLATION IN TANZANIA""; ""III. A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE""; ""IV. THE MODELING STRATEGY""; ""V. EMPIRICAL RESULTS""; ""VI. FACTORS BEHIND THE LOW AND DECLINING EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH""; ""VII. CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""DATA SOURCES AND ESTIMATION""; ""ROBUSTNESS TESTS""; ""References""The paper examines the effect of exchange rate changes on consumer prices in Tanzania using structural vector autoregression (VAR) models. Using a data set covering the period 1990-2005, we find that the exchange rate pass-through to inflation declined in the late 1990s despite the depreciation of the currency. This could be partly attributed to the macroeconomic and structural reforms that were implemented during this period. The decline in the pass-through does not necessarily imply that exchange rate fluctuations are less significant in explaining macroeconomic fluctuations. The recent increase in the share of imports in the economy suggests that the pass-through could rise over the medium term. The findings imply that the authorities should remain vigilant in assessing the potential impact of foreign prices on the dynamics of inflation in Tanzania. In this regard, the authorities should seek to maintain low and stable inflation and continue the ongoing structural reforms designed to improve efficiency and increase competition.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2006/150Foreign exchange ratesTanzaniaInflation (Finance)TanzaniaForeign ExchangeimfInflationimfMacroeconomicsimfMoney and Monetary PolicyimfPrice LevelimfDeflationimfMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: GeneralimfCurrencyimfForeign exchangeimfMonetary economicsimfExchange ratesimfExchange rate pass-throughimfMonetary baseimfConsumer price indexesimfPricesimfMoney supplyimfPrice indexesimfTanzania, United Republic ofimfForeign exchange ratesInflation (Finance)Foreign ExchangeInflationMacroeconomicsMoney and Monetary PolicyPrice LevelDeflationMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: GeneralCurrencyForeign exchangeMonetary economicsExchange ratesExchange rate pass-throughMonetary baseConsumer price indexesPricesMoney supplyPrice indexesMwase Nkunde1546559DcWaIMFBOOK9910788411803321An Empirical Investigation of the Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Inflation in Tanzania3802254UNINA