04325nam 2200649Ia 450 991045924180332120200520144314.01-282-53885-397866125388580-226-75130-910.7208/9780226751306(CKB)2670000000009717(EBL)488107(OCoLC)609856885(SSID)ssj0000367475(PQKBManifestationID)12071573(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000367475(PQKBWorkID)10343493(PQKB)11459429(MiAaPQ)EBC488107(DE-B1597)523763(OCoLC)1135589582(DE-B1597)9780226751306(Au-PeEL)EBL488107(CaPaEBR)ebr10366794(CaONFJC)MIL253885(EXLCZ)99267000000000971719960412d1996 uy 0engur||#||||||||txtccrWhat a woman ought to be and to do[electronic resource] Black professional women workers during the Jim Crow era /Stephanie J. ShawChicago University of Chicago Press19961 online resource (365 p.)Women in culture and societyDescription based upon print version of record.0-226-75119-8 0-226-75120-1 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --CONTENTS --FOREWORD --PREFACE --ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --INTRODUCTION --1. "Aim always to attain excellence in character and culture": Child-rearing strategies --2. "The daughters of our community coming up": Developing community consciousness --3. "We are not educating individuals but manufacturing levers": Schooling reinforcements --Epilogue to Part 1 --PROLOGUE TO PART 2 --4. "I am teaching school here ... [but] I find it rather hard ... with my housekeeping": Private sphere work --5. "It was time ... that we should be members": Personal professional work --6. "Working for my race in one way or another ever since I was a grown woman": Public sphere work --Conclusion --Appendix: Biographical sketches --Abbreviations and Sources --Notes --IndexStephanie J. Shaw takes us into the inner world of American black professional women during the Jim Crow era. This is a story of struggle and empowerment, of the strength of a group of women who worked against daunting odds to improve the world for themselves and their people. Shaw's remarkable research into the lives of social workers, librarians, nurses, and teachers from the 1870's through the 1950's allows us to hear these women's voices for the first time. The women tell us, in their own words, about their families, their values, their expectations. We learn of the forces and factors that made them exceptional, and of the choices and commitments that made them leaders in their communities. What a Woman Ought to Be and to Do brings to life a world in which African-American families, communities, and schools worked to encourage the self-confidence, individual initiative, and social responsibility of girls. Shaw shows us how, in a society that denied black women full professional status, these girls embraced and in turn defined an ideal of "socially responsible individualism" that balanced private and public sphere responsibilities. A collective portrait of character shaped in the toughest circumstances, this book is more than a study of the socialization of these women as children and the organization of their work as adults. It is also a study of leadership-of how African American communities gave their daughters the power to succeed in and change a hostile world.Women in culture and society.African American women in the professionsHistoryUnited StatesHistoryElectronic books.African American women in the professionsHistory.305.48896073Shaw Stephanie J(Stephanie Jo),1955-919325MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910459241803321What a woman ought to be and to do2061852UNINA02166oam 22006615 450 991078036360332120200520144314.01-280-08660-297866100866030-585-47293-910.1596/0-8213-5604-6(CKB)111087027997088(OCoLC)53207098(CaPaEBR)ebrary10042825(SSID)ssj0000089101(PQKBManifestationID)11126804(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000089101(PQKBWorkID)10088895(PQKB)10925079(MiAaPQ)EBC3050600(Au-PeEL)EBL3050600(CaPaEBR)ebr10042825(CaONFJC)MIL8660(The World Bank)2003057674(US-djbf)13258369(EXLCZ)9911108702799708820030701d2003 uf 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierQuasi-fiscal activities, hidden government subsidies, and fiscal adjustment in Armenia /Lev Freinkman, Gohar Gyulumyan, Artak KyurumyanWashington, DC :World Bank,[2003]copyright 2003.ix, 50 pages illustrations ;26 cmWorld Bank working paper,1726-5878 ;no. 16Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-8213-5604-6 Includes bibliographical references.World Bank e-Library.Finance, PublicArmenia (Republic)Fiscal policyArmenia (Republic)Budget deficitsArmenia (Republic)Finance, PublicFiscal policyBudget deficits339.5/2/094756Freinkman Lev M1508782Gyulumyan Gohar1539114Kyurumyan Artak1539115DLCDLCDLCBOOK9910780363603321Quasi-fiscal activities, hidden government subsidies, and fiscal adjustment in Armenia3789746UNINA