04809nam 2200601 a 450 991077868260332120230124180908.01-280-12357-597866135274310-309-59398-0(CKB)110986584750624(EBL)3378865(SSID)ssj0000541092(PQKBManifestationID)11324664(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000541092(PQKBWorkID)10493473(PQKB)11017015(MiAaPQ)EBC3378865(Au-PeEL)EBL3378865(CaPaEBR)ebr10495465(CaONFJC)MIL352743(OCoLC)923284194(EXLCZ)9911098658475062419830128d1982 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrScientific communication and national security[electronic resource] a report /prepared by the Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of MedicineWashington, D.C. National Academy Press19821 online resource (205 p.)Fifth printing, January 1984.0-309-03332-2 Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-89).""BOOK-TITLE""; ""COPYRIGHT""; ""SPONSORS""; ""PREFACE""; ""CONTENTS""; ""EXECUTIVE SUMMARY""; ""UNWANTED TRANSFER OF U.S. TECHNOLOGY""; ""UNIVERSITIES AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION""; ""THE CURRENT CONTROL SYSTEM""; ""COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CONTROLS""; ""PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""Control of University Research Activities""; ""Unrestricted Areas of Research""; ""Classification""; ""Gray Areas""; ""The Export of Domestically Available Technical Data Under ITAR and EAR Regulations""; ""The Use of Voluntary Controls""; ""The Militarily Critical Technologies List""""Technology Transfer to the Third World""""INTRODUCTION""; ""1 CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT UNWANTED TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ITS MILITARY SIGNIFICANCE""; """"; ""THE QUALITY OF THE EVIDENCE""; ""POTENTIAL CHANNELS AND TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER""; ""THE OVERALL PROBLEM""; ""THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY""; ""THE SOVIET ACQUISITION EFFORT""; ""THE OVERALL PROBLEM""; ""THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY""; ""EVIDENCE OF THE EXTENT OF UNWANTED TRANSFER""; ""THE OVERALL PROBLEM""; ""THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY""; ""EVIDENCE OF THE SOVIET ABSORPTION CAPACITY""""EVIDENCE OF THE MILITARY SIGNIFICANCE OF TECHNOLOGY LOSSES""""THE OVERALL PROBLEM""; ""THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY""; ""PROJECTIONS FOR CHANGE""; ""2 UNIVERSITIES AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION""; ""UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND TEACHING""; ""SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION""; ""BILATERAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENTS""; ""NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EXCHANGE PROGRAMS""; ""INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE BOARD PROGRAM""; ""3 THE CURRENT CONTROL SYSTEM""; ""CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION""; ""EXPORT CONTROLS""; ""EAA AND EAR""; ""ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT AND ITAR""""LIMITATIONS OF EXPORT CONTROL AUTHORITY""""CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTIONS""; ""“VOLUNTARY� RESTRICTIONS""; ""CONTROLS ON FOREIGN VISITORS""; ""VISA CONTROLS""; ""EXCHANGE PROGRAMS""; ""4 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CONTROLS""; ""PREVENTING SOVIET MILITARY ADVANCES BASED ON U.S. RESEARCH""; ""THE RELATION TO CONTROLS""; ""THE PANEL'S ASSESSMENT""; ""Leakage and the Research Community""; ""FOSTERING U.S. MILITARY AND ECONOMIC STRENGTH""; ""THE RELATION TO CONTROLS""; ""THE PANEL'S ASSESSMENT""; ""Openness and Military Strength""; ""Openness and Economic Strength""""Security by Accomplishment""""PROTECTING EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL VALUES""; ""THE RELATION TO CONTROLS""; ""THE PANEL'S ASSESSMENT""; ""THE FEASIBILITY OF CONTROLS""; ""BALANCING COMPETING OBJECTIVES: THE PANEL'S JUDGMENT""; ""PRINCIPLES FOR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH""; ""GUIDELINES FOR CLASSIFIED AND GRAY-AREA RESEARCH""; ""5 IMPROVING THE CURRENT SYSTEM""; ""THE WORKABILITY OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM CAN BE IMPROVED""; ""EXPORT CONTROLS AND DOMESTICALLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION""; ""PRIORITIES WITHIN THE EXPORT CONTROL SYSTEM""; ""MILITARILY CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES LIST""; ""VOLUNTARY CONTROLS""""STAFFING DEFICIENCIES""Communication in scienceNational securityCommunication in science.National security.353.0085/5MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910778682603321Scientific communication and national security3791566UNINA