04406nam 2200577Ia 450 991077853140332120200520144314.00-674-02885-610.4159/9780674028852(CKB)1000000000815996(SSID)ssj0000339097(PQKBManifestationID)11243108(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000339097(PQKBWorkID)10299596(PQKB)10536591(Au-PeEL)EBL3300328(CaPaEBR)ebr10314342(OCoLC)923110580(DE-B1597)574438(DE-B1597)9780674028852(MiAaPQ)EBC3300328(EXLCZ)99100000000081599619960401d1996 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrIntegration or separation?[electronic resource] a strategy for racial equality /Roy L. BrooksCambridge, MA Harvard University Press1996xi, 348 pBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-674-13295-5 0-674-45645-9 Includes bibliographical references (p. [289]-337) and index.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- I RACIAL INTEGRATION -- Introduction -- 1 Elementary and Secondary Education -- 2 Higher Education -- 3 Housing -- 4 Employment -- 5 Voting -- 6 Why Integration Has Failed -- II TOTAL SEPARATION -- Introduction -- 7 Booker T. Washington and W E. B. Du Bois -- 8 Marcus Garvey -- 9 The Nation ofIslam -- 10 Emigration to Liberia -- 11 Black Towns in the United States -- 12 Intra-Racial Conflicts and Racial Romanticism -- III LIMITED SEPARATION -- Introduction -- 13 The Case for a Policy of Limited Separation -- 14 Elementary and Secondary Education -- 15 Higher Education -- 16 Cultural Integration within the Community -- 17 Economic Integration within the Community -- 18 Political Power -- Epilogue -- Notes -- IndexIntegrated in principle, segregated in fact: is this the legacy of fifty years of "progress" in American racial policy? Is there hope for much better? Roy L. Brooks, a distinguished professor of law and a writer on matters of race and civil rights, says with frank clarity what few will admit--integration hasn't worked and possibly never will. Equally, he casts doubt on the solution that many African-Americans and mainstream whites have advocated: total separation of the races. This book presents Brooks's strategy for a middle way between the increasingly unworkable extremes of integration and separation. Limited separation, the approach Brooks proposes, shifts the focus of civil rights policy from the group to the individual. Defined as cultural and economic integration within African-American society, this policy would promote separate schooling, housing, and business enterprises where needed to bolster the self-sufficiency of the community, without trammeling the racial interests of individuals inside or outside of the group, and without endangering the idea of a shared Americanness. But all the while Brooks envisions African-American public schools, businesses, and communities redesigned to serve the enlightened self-interest of the individual. Unwilling to give up entirely on racial integration, he argues that limited separation may indeed lead to improved race relations and, ultimately, to healthy integration. This book appears at a crucial time, as Republicans dismantle past civil rights policies and Democrats search for new ones. With its alternative strategy and useful policy ideas for bringing individual African-Americans into mainstream society as first-class citizens, Integration or Separation? should influence debate and policymaking across the spectra of race, class, and political persuasion.African AmericansCivil rightsBlack nationalismUnited StatesUnited StatesRace relationsAfrican AmericansCivil rights.Black nationalism323.1/196073Brooks Roy L(Roy Lavon),1950-256765MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910778531403321Integration or separation985793UNINA