04077nam 2200673 a 450 991077825050332120230721032055.00-309-17878-91-281-20936-897866112093600-309-11610-4(CKB)1000000000484563(EBL)3378862(SSID)ssj0000249172(PQKBManifestationID)11194701(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000249172(PQKBWorkID)10205209(PQKB)10624851(MiAaPQ)EBC3378862(Au-PeEL)EBL3378862(CaPaEBR)ebr10495462(CaONFJC)MIL120936(OCoLC)923284293(EXLCZ)99100000000048456320090908d2008 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrSpace science and the international traffic in arms regulations[electronic resource] summary of a workshop /Margaret G. Finarelli, rapporteur, Joseph K. Alexander, rapporteur ; National Research Council of the National AcademiesWashington, D.C. National Academies Press20081 online resource (44 p.)"The workshop was convened at the National Academies' Constitution Avenue Building in Washington, D.C., on September 12-13, 2007."--Pref.0-309-11609-0 Includes bibliographical references.""Front Matter""; ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Background""; ""2 Perspectives on Recent Developments and Current Implementation of International Traffic in Arms Regulations""; ""3 Overarching Issues""; ""4 Problems Arising from the Implementation of International Traffic in Arms Regulations""; ""5 Opportunities for Near-Term Actions and Improvements""; ""Appendixes""; ""Appendix A: Biographies""; ""Appendix B: Workshop Participants""; ""Appendix C: Workshop Agenda"""ITAR, which controls defense trade, includes the U.S. Munitions List (USML) which specifies categories of defense articles and services covered by the regulations. In 1999, space satellites were added to the USML. In 2002 ITAR was amended to exclude U.S. universities from having to obtain ITAR licenses when performing fundamental research involving foreign countries and/or persons. Despite this provision, there remains considerable uncertainty among university researchers about whether the regulations apply to their research leading to a rather conservative interpretation of the regulations and the imposition of burdens that might not be necessary. To explore this concern, NASA asked the NRC to organize a workshop of all stakeholders on the implications of ITAR for space science. This book presents a summary of the workshop discussions including those on perspectives on recent developments and implementation of ITAR; overarching issues; problems arising from ITAR's implementation; and opportunities for near-term actions and improvements."--NAP web site.Space sciencesCongressesAstronauticsTechnology transferGovernment policyUnited StatesCongressesResearchLaw and legislationCongressesArms transfersLaw and legislationCongressesSpace sciencesAstronauticsTechnology transferGovernment policyResearchLaw and legislationArms transfersLaw and legislation303.483Finarelli Margaret G1579895Alexander Joseph K878317National Research Council (U.S.).Space Studies Board.National Research Council (U.S.).Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences.National Academies Press (U.S.)MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910778250503321Space science and the international traffic in arms regulations3860296UNINA