08175nam 22007215 450 991047988320332120200701055533.01-4612-1664-810.1007/978-1-4612-1664-3(CKB)3400000000089644(SSID)ssj0000922265(PQKBManifestationID)11535273(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000922265(PQKBWorkID)10848400(PQKB)10890627(DE-He213)978-1-4612-1664-3(MiAaPQ)EBC3076976(EXLCZ)99340000000008964420121227d1998 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtccrApplied Bioelectricity[electronic resource] From Electrical Stimulation to Electropathology /by J. Patrick Reilly1st ed. 1998.New York, NY :Springer New York :Imprint: Springer,1998.1 online resource (XIX, 563 p.) "Adapted from Electrical stimulation and electropathology, Cambridge University Press, 1992"--Title page verso."With 241 figures."0-387-98407-0 1-4612-7235-1 Includes bibliographical references and index.1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Perspective -- 1.2 Electrical Exposure -- 1.3 Scales of Short-Term Reactions to Contact Current -- 1.4 Reactions to Electric and Magnetic Field Stimulation -- 1.5 Variables Affecting Thresholds -- 2 Impedance and Current Distribution -- 2.1 Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials -- 2.2 Skin Impedance -- 2.3 Total Body Impedance: Low-Frequency and DC -- 2.4 Impedance at Higher Frequencies -- 2.5 Impedance Through Foot Contact -- 2.6 High-Voltage and Transient Properties -- 2.7 Impedance of Domestic Animals -- 3 Electrical Principles of Nerve and Muscle Function -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cellular Membranes -- 3.3 The Excitable Nerve Membrane -- 3.4 Action Potential Models for Cardiac Tissue -- 3.5 Sensory Transduction -- 3.6 Muscle Function -- 3.7 Synapses -- 3.8 The Spinal Reflex -- 4 Excitation Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Linear Strength-Duration Model -- 4.3 Electrical Cable Representations -- 4.4 Myelinated Nerve Model -- 4.5 Response to Monophasic Stimulation -- 4.6 Response to Biphasic and Repetitive Stimuli -- 4.7 Parameter Variation Effects -- 5 Electrical Properties of the Heart -- 5.1 Cardiovascular System: General Anatomical and Functional Aspects -- 5.2 Origin and Spread of Excitation -- 5.3 Elementary Processes of Excitation and Contraction -- 5.4 Stimulation, Propagation, and Refractoriness -- 5.5 Regular and Ectopic Pacemakers -- 5.6 Effects of Autonomic Nerves and of Changes in Electrolyte Composition -- 5.7 Electrocardiogram -- 5.8 Abnormalities in Cardiac Rhythm as Reflected in the ECG -- 5.9 Mechanism of Flutter and Fibrillation -- 5.10 Vulnerable Period: Threshold for Fibrillation -- 5.11 Electrical Defibrillation -- 6 Cardiac Sensitivity to Electrical Stimulation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Threshold Sensitivity with Respect to Cardiac Cycle -- 6.3 Strength-Duration Relations for Unidirectional Currents -- 6.4 Biphasic and Sinusoidal Stimulation -- 6.5 Duration Sensitivity for Oscillatory Stimuli -- 6.6 Energy Criteria and Impulse Currents -- 6.7 Body-Size Scaling -- 6.8 Statistical Distribution of Thresholds -- 6.9 Combined AC and DC Stimuli -- 6.10 Electrodes and Current Density -- 7 Sensory Responses to Electrical Stimulation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanisms of Electrical Transduction -- 7.3 Perception of Transient Monophasic Currents -- 7.4 Suprathreshold Responses -- 7.5 Stimulus Waveform Factors -- 7.6 Electrodes and Current Density -- 7.7 Body Location Sensitivity -- 7.8 Skin Temperature -- 7.9 Tactile Masking -- 7.10 Individual Differences in Electrical Sensitivity -- 7.11 Startle Reactions -- 7.12 Electrical Stimulation of Domestic Animals -- 7.13 Visual and Auditory Effects -- 8 Skeletal Muscle Response to Electrical Stimulation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Neuromuscular Structure and Function -- 8.3 Fundamental Principles of Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation -- 8.4 Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Systems -- 8.5 Skeletal Muscle Stimulation in Electrical Accidents -- 8.6 Analysis of the Let-Go Phenomenon -- 8.7 Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Respiration -- 9 Stimulation via Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Electric Field Induction Principles -- 9.3 Direct Perception of ELF Electric Fields -- 9.4 Human Reactions to AC Electric Field-Induced Shock -- 9.5 Time-Varying Magnetic Field Induction -- 9.6 Principles of Excitation by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields -- 9.7 Experimental Investigations of Magnetic Excitation: Large Area Exposure -- 9.8 Visual and Auditory Reactions to Electromagnetic Exposure -- 9.9 Local Magnetic Stimulation -- 9.10 Scales of Reaction: Power Frequency -- 9.11 Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges -- 10 High-Voltage and High-Current Injuries -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Modes of Injury -- 10.3 Impedance Considerations and Current Distribution in the Body -- 10.4 Thermal Trauma -- 10.5 Nonthermal Trauma -- 10.6 Lightning Injuries -- 10.7 Clinical Observations -- 10.8 Clinical Treatment -- 11 Standards and Rationale -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Electromagnetic Field Exposure Standards -- 11.3 Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields -- 11.4 Consideration of Spark Discharges in EMF Standards -- 11.5 Absorbed Energy and Thermal Considerations in EMF Standards -- 11.6 Consideration of EMF Interaction Mechanisms in Standards Setting -- 11.7 ELF Magnetic Field Standards Derived from Established Mechanisms -- 11.8 Standards in Consumer Products and Installations -- References.Electric currents and electromagnetic fields have been applied to biological systems, particularly humans, with both therapeutic and pathological results. Applied Bioelectricity discusses biological responses to electric currents and electromagnetic fields, including medical applications and shock hazards. The book covers fundamental physical and engineering principles of responses to short-term electrical exposure and emphasizes human reactions, although animal responses to electricity are considered as well. The treatment covers reactions from the just-detectable to the clearly detrimental. An important new chapter discusses standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields and electric current and demonstrates how these standards have been developed based on the principles treated in earlier chapters. J. Patrick Reilly is a member of the principal staff of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and is President of Metatec Associates.NeurosciencesBiophysicsBiological physicsBiomedical engineeringHuman physiologyAnimal physiologyNeuroscienceshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/B18006Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysicshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/P27008Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineeringhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T2700XHuman Physiologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/B13004Animal Physiologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L33030Neurosciences.Biophysics.Biological physics.Biomedical engineering.Human physiology.Animal physiology.Neurosciences.Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics.Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering.Human Physiology.Animal Physiology.612.8Reilly J. Patrickauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut598120BOOK9910479883203321Applied bioelectricity1574532UNINA05026nam 22008295 450 991076688070332120251113183934.03-031-46502-410.1007/978-3-031-46502-4(PPN)273591533(MiAaPQ)EBC30967823(Au-PeEL)EBL30967823(DE-He213)978-3-031-46502-4(CKB)29030222500041(EXLCZ)992903022250004120231123d2023 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAlternative Water Sources for Producing Potable Water Advances in Research & Technology /edited by Tamim Younos, Juneseok Lee, Tammy E. Parece1st ed. 2023.Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :Imprint: Springer,2023.1 online resource (193 pages)The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry,1616-864X ;124Print version: Younos, Tamim Alternative Water Sources for Producing Potable Water Cham : Springer,c2023 Includes bibliographical references.Chapter 1 Introduction: Paradigm Shift in Producing Potable Water -- Chapter 2 Rainwater Harvesting for Potable Water Supply: Opportunities and Challenges -- Chapter 3 Evaluating Potable Rainwater Harvesting System Design and Regulations -- Chapter 4 Urban Stormwater Runoff for Potable Use: Potential and Challenges -- Chapter 5 Potable Reuse: A Pathway for Success and Sustainability -- Chapter 6 Innovative Approach to Building-Scale Wastewater Reuse -- Chapter 7 Producing Potable Water from Saline Waters: Concept, Technologies & Challenges -- Chapter 8 Integrating renewable energy sources into desalination process to produce potable water: Technological Innovations -- Chapter 9 Producing Atmospheric Potable Water: An Overview.This book reviews alternative water sources for producing potable water, and offers a comprehensive overview of the latest research and technologies. Edited by experts at the forefront of water resource management, the book presents a paradigm shift in the quest for sustainable and efficient methods of producing potable water. The book commences with a perspective on the changing landscape in potable water production, setting the stage for a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge techniques. Subsequent chapters offer a critical evaluation of potable rainwater harvesting system design and regulations and discuss the potential of utilizing urban runoff as a viable source for drinking water, highlighting both the possibilities and challenges that come with this approach. In this book, readers will also learn more about the sustainable reuse of wastewater, exploring innovative approaches on both building and city scales, and the complexities of producing potable water from saline waters. Particular attention is given to the latest advances in integrating renewable energy sources into the desalination process to produce potable water. In the final chapter of the book, readers will find an overview of the latest atmospheric water harvesting technologies, and an insightful discussion of the process, performance, energy efficiency, feasibility, and limitations of each. Given its breadth, this book is an important account for researchers, graduate-level students, and policymakers. It also serves as a roadmap for water resource engineers and planners tackling water scarcity and diverse water resources portfolios.The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry,1616-864X ;124Environmental chemistryWaterHydrologySustainabilityEnvironmental engineeringBiotechnologyBioremediationAnalytical chemistryEnvironmental managementEnvironmental ChemistryWaterSustainabilityEnvironmental Engineering/BiotechnologyAnalytical ChemistryEnvironmental ManagementEnvironmental chemistry.Water.Hydrology.Sustainability.Environmental engineering.Biotechnology.Bioremediation.Analytical chemistry.Environmental management.Environmental Chemistry.Water.Sustainability.Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology.Analytical Chemistry.Environmental Management.950.05Younos TamimLee JuneseokParece Tammy E.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910766880703321Alternative Water Sources for Producing Potable Water4132840UNINA