05778oam 22013454 450 991096180730332120250426110038.0978661284308297814623477041462347703978145272585714527258539781282843080128284308797814518723541451872356(CKB)3170000000055235(EBL)1608236(SSID)ssj0000940086(PQKBManifestationID)11576138(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940086(PQKBWorkID)10946363(PQKB)10711506(OCoLC)466422400(IMF)WPIEE2009088(MiAaPQ)EBC1608236(IMF)WPIEA2009088WPIEA2009088(EXLCZ)99317000000005523520020129d2009 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrChile’s Structural Fiscal Surplus Rule : A Model-Based Evaluation /Michael Kumhof, Douglas Laxton1st ed.Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2009.1 online resource (56 p.)IMF Working PapersDescription based upon print version of record.9781451916706 1451916701 Includes bibliographical references.Contents; I. Introduction; II. The Model; Figures; 1. Goods and Factor Flows in GIMF; A. Overlapping Generations Households; B. Liquidity Constrained Households; C. Manufacturers; D. Copper Producers; E. Unions; F. Import Agents; G. Distributors; H. Retailers; I. Government; J. Equilibrium and Balance of Payments; III. Calibration; IV. Choice of Countercyclical Coefficients; Tables; 1. Fiscal Policy Rules and Macroeconomic Volatility; 2. Policy Efficiency Frontiers; V. Choice of Surplus Target; 3. SFS Rule - Survey; 4. SFS Rule - Fiscal Accounts; 5. Balanced Budget Rule - Survey6. Balanced Budget Rule - Fiscal Accounts7. Aggressive Countercyclical Rule - Survey; 8. Aggressive Countercyclical Rule - Fiscal Accounts; 9. Surplus Target Shock - Survey; 10. Surplus Target Shock - Fiscal; VI. Summary; References; Appendices; 1. Population Growth; 2. Optimality Conditions for OLG Households; 3. Consumption and Wealth; 4. Optimality for Manufacturing FirmsThe paper analyzes Chile's structural balance fiscal rule in the face of copper price shocks originating in foreign copper demand. It uses a version of the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF) that includes a copper sector. Two results are obtained. First, Chile's current fiscal rule performs well if the policymaker puts a small weight on output volatility (relative to inflation volatility) in his/her objective function. A more aggressive countercyclical fiscal rule can attain lower output volatility, but there is a trade-off with (somewhat) higher inflation volatility and (much) higher volatility of fiscal variables. Second, given its current stock of government assets, Chile's adoption of a 0.5% surplus target starting in 2008 is desirable from a business cycle perspective. This is because the earlier 1% target would have required significant further asset accumulation that could only have been accomplished at the expense of greater volatility in fiscal instruments and therefore in GDP.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2009/088Fiscal policyChileFinance, PublicChileCementimfCeramicsimfConsumptionimfCopperimfDeflationimfEconomicsimfGlassimfIncome economicsimfInflationimfInvestment & securitiesimfInvestments: MetalsimfLabor economicsimfLabor Economics: GeneralimfLaborimfLabourimfMacroeconomicsimfMacroeconomics: ConsumptionimfMetals and Metal ProductsimfPrice LevelimfPricesimfPublic finance & taxationimfPublic FinanceimfRevenue administrationimfRevenueimfSavingimfTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: GeneralimfWealthimfChileimfFiscal policyFinance, PublicCementCeramicsConsumptionCopperDeflationEconomicsGlassIncome economicsInflationInvestment & securitiesInvestments: MetalsLabor economicsLabor Economics: GeneralLaborLabourMacroeconomicsMacroeconomics: ConsumptionMetals and Metal ProductsPrice LevelPricesPublic finance & taxationPublic FinanceRevenue administrationRevenueSavingTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: GeneralWealth332.152Kumhof Michael1815645Laxton Douglas1594457DcWaIMFBOOK9910961807303321Chile’s Structural Fiscal Surplus Rule4371260UNINA03786nam 22005895 450 991074608160332120251009075021.0981-9906-35-010.1007/978-981-99-0635-2(MiAaPQ)EBC30612948(Au-PeEL)EBL30612948(DE-He213)978-981-99-0635-2(OCoLC) 1390403521(PPN)27227092X(CKB)27285997300041(EXLCZ)992728599730004120230629d2023 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierApplication of Gray System Theory in Fishery Science /edited by Xinjun Chen1st ed. 2023.Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :Imprint: Springer,2023.1 online resource (175 pages) illustrations (black and white, and color)Print version: Chen, Xinjun Application of Gray System Theory in Fishery Science Singapore : Springer,c2023 9789819906345 Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Processing method of the original data -- Chapter 3 Grey correlation analysis -- Chapter 4 Grey Clustering Analysis -- Chapter 5 Grey System Modeling -- Chapter 6 Grey Prediction -- Chapter 7 Grey decision-making -- Chapter 8 Grey Linear Programming -- Chapter 9 Grey Dynamic Control.This book reviews the gray system and combines its latest research results in fishery science. The chapters cover the basic concept and theory of gray system, original data processing and gray sequence generation, gray correlation analysis, gray cluster analysis, gray system modeling, gray prediction, gray decision-making, and gray linear programming. The theory of gray system is a new cross-sectional discipline founded in 1982 by Professor Deng Julong, a well-known scholar in China. In recent decades, it has not only been deepened and expanded in theory but also widely used in the fields of society, economy, ocean, agriculture, fishery, and other fields, and made a series of significant scientific achievements. These have laid the foundation for the important position of the gray system theory. Due to the great uncertainty of the fishery resources and the fishery environment involved in the fishery science system, which is completely different from the natural resources onthe land, the data and information belong to the category of “poor information”, and the variability and uncertainty are greater than other natural resources. As an extremely effective analytical method and tool, gray system theory has been applied increasingly in fishery science. The book is developed based on well-read and practical literature and will help scientists and research units engaged in scientific research and teaching in fishery science and related fields to develop new research methods and tools. .Freshwater ecologyMarine ecologyComputer simulationComputer scienceMathematicsFreshwater and Marine EcologyComputer ModellingMathematical Applications in Computer ScienceFreshwater ecology.Marine ecology.Computer simulation.Computer scienceMathematics.Freshwater and Marine Ecology.Computer Modelling.Mathematical Applications in Computer Science.639.2Chen Xinjun1967-1433104MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910746081603321Application of Gray System Theory in Fishery Science4451529UNINA