01774oam 2200457 a 450 991069914620332120110622140304.0(CKB)5470000002400434(OCoLC)497190880(EXLCZ)99547000000240043420100112d2009 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierMetrics for nitrate contamination of ground water at CAFO land application sites[electronic resource] Iowa swine study /Jerry L. HatfieldAda, Okla. :U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory,[2009]1 online resource (ix, 14 pages) illustrations color mapTitle from title screen (viewed on Jan. 12, 2009)."June 2009.""EPA 600/R 09/045."Includes bibliographical references (pages 13-14).Metrics for nitrate contamination of ground water at CAFO land application sites NitratesEnvironmental aspectsIowaGroundwaterPollutionIowaAnimal feedingEnvironmental aspectsIowaNitratesEnvironmental aspectsGroundwaterPollutionAnimal feedingEnvironmental aspectsHatfield Jerry L72670National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.)GPOGPOUBYOCLCQGPOBOOK9910699146203321Metrics for nitrate contamination of ground water at CAFO land application sites3452607UNINA00903nam0 22002531i 450 UON0020138820231205103255.30303-945059-7-220030730d1984 |0itac50 baengGB|||| |||||Reading for the plotdesign and intention in narrativePeter BrooksNew YorkAlfred A. Knopf1984xviii, 363 p.22 cm.USNew YorkUONL000050BROOKSPeterUONV055752184498KnopfUONV248446650ITSOL20240220RICASIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEOUONSIUON00201388SIBA - SISTEMA BIBLIOTECARIO DI ATENEOSI Angl VI A BRO 3 SI LO 38299 5 3 Reading for the plot15954UNIOR10500nam 22004453 450 991083506900332120240215080218.01-119-81605-X1-119-81607-6(MiAaPQ)EBC31137922(Au-PeEL)EBL31137922(EXLCZ)993032709870004120240215d2024 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrier5G Technology 3GPP Evolution To 5G-Advanced2nd ed.Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,2024.©2024.1 online resource (650 pages)1-119-81603-3 Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 5G Targets -- 1.3 5G Technology Components -- 1.4 5G Spectrum -- 1.5 5G Capabilities -- 1.6 5G Capacity Boost -- 1.7 5G Standardization and Schedule -- 1.8 5G Use Cases -- 1.9 Evolution Path from LTE to 5G -- 1.10 5G‐Advanced -- 1.11 Summary -- Chapter 2 5G Targets and Standardization -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 ITU -- 2.2.1 IMT Vision for 2020 and Beyond -- 2.2.2 Standardization of IMT‐2020 Radio Interface Technologies -- 2.3 NGMN -- 2.3.1 NGMN 5G Use Cases -- 2.3.2 NGMN 5G Requirements -- 2.3.3 NGMN 5G Architecture Design Principles -- 2.3.4 Spectrum, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and Further Recommendations by NGMN -- 2.4 3GPP Schedule and Phasing -- 2.5 Evolution Towards 5G‐Advanced and 6G -- References -- Chapter 3 Technology Components -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Spectrum Utilization -- 3.2.1 Frequency Bands -- 3.2.2 Bandwidth Options -- 3.2.3 Spectrum Occupancy -- 3.2.4 Control Channel Flexibility -- 3.2.5 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing -- 3.3 Beamforming -- 3.4 Flexible Physical Layer and Protocols -- 3.4.1 Flexible Numerology -- 3.4.2 Short Transmission Time and Mini‐slot -- 3.4.3 Self‐Contained Subframe -- 3.4.4 Asynchronous HARQ -- 3.4.5 Lean Carrier -- 3.4.6 Adaptive Reference Signals -- 3.4.7 Adaptive UE Specific Bandwidth -- 3.4.8 Distributed MIMO -- 3.4.9 Waveforms -- 3.4.10 Channel Coding -- 3.4.11 Pipeline Processing and Front‐Loaded Reference Signals -- 3.4.12 Connected Inactive State -- 3.4.13 Grant‐Free Access -- 3.4.14 Cell Radius of 300 km -- 3.5 Network Slicing -- 3.6 Dual Connectivity with LTE -- 3.7 Radio Cloud and Edge Computing -- 3.8 Summary -- Reference -- Chapter 4 Spectrum -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Millimeter Wave Spectrum Above 20 GHz.4.3 Mid‐Band Spectrum at 3.3-5.0 GHz and at 2.6 GHz -- 4.4 Low‐Band Spectrum Below 3 GHz -- 4.5 Unlicensed Band -- 4.6 Shared Band -- 4.7 3GPP Frequency Variants -- 4.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 5G Architecture -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 5G Architecture Options -- 5.3 5G Core Network Architecture -- 5.3.1 Access and Mobility Management Function -- 5.3.2 Session Management Function -- 5.3.3 User Plane Function -- 5.3.4 Data Storage Architecture -- 5.3.5 Policy Control Function -- 5.3.6 Network Exposure Function -- 5.3.7 Network Repository Function -- 5.3.8 Network Slice Selection -- 5.3.9 Non‐3GPP Interworking Function -- 5.3.10 Auxiliary 5G Core Functions -- 5.4 5G RAN Architecture -- 5.4.1 NG‐Interface -- 5.4.2 Xn‐Interface -- 5.4.3 E1‐Interface -- 5.4.4 F1‐Interface -- 5.5 Network Slicing -- 5.5.1 Interworking with LTE -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 5G Physical Layer -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 5G Multiple Access Principle -- 6.3 Physical Channels and Signals -- 6.4 Basic Structures for 5G Frame Structure -- 6.5 5G Channel Structures and Beamforming Basics -- 6.6 Random Access -- 6.7 Downlink User Data Transmission -- 6.8 Uplink User Data Transmission -- 6.9 Uplink Signaling Transmission -- 6.10 Downlink Signaling Transmission -- 6.11 Physical Layer Procedures -- 6.11.1 HARQ Procedure -- 6.11.2 Uplink Power Control -- 6.11.3 Timing Advance -- 6.12 5G MIMO and Beamforming Operation -- 6.12.1 Downlink MIMO Transmission Schemes -- 6.12.2 Beam Management Framework -- 6.12.2.1 Initial Beam Acquisition -- 6.12.2.2 Beam Measurement and Reporting -- 6.12.2.3 Beam Indication: QCL and Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) -- 6.12.2.4 Beam Recovery -- 6.12.3 CSI Framework -- 6.12.3.1 Reporting Settings -- 6.12.3.2 Resource Settings -- 6.12.3.3 Reporting Configurations -- 6.12.3.4 Report Quantity Configurations -- 6.12.4 CSI Components.6.12.4.1 Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) -- 6.12.4.2 Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) -- 6.12.4.3 Resource Indicators: CRI, SSBRI, RI, LI -- 6.12.5 Uplink MIMO Transmission Schemes -- 6.12.5.1 Codebook‐Based Uplink Transmission -- 6.12.5.2 Non‐Codebook‐Based Uplink Transmission -- 6.13 Channel Coding with 5G -- 6.13.1 Channel Coding for Data Channel -- 6.13.1.1 5G LDPC Code Design -- 6.13.1.2 5G LDPC Coding Chain -- 6.13.2 Channel Coding for Control Channels -- 6.13.2.1 5G Polar Coding Design -- 6.14 Dual Connectivity -- 6.15 5G Data Rates -- 6.16 Physical Layer Measurements -- 6.17 UE Capability -- 6.18 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 5G Radio Protocols -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 5G Radio Protocol Layers -- 7.3 SDAP -- 7.3.1 Overview -- 7.3.2 QoS Flow Remapping -- 7.3.3 MDBV -- 7.3.4 Header -- 7.4 PDCP -- 7.4.1 Overview -- 7.4.2 Reordering -- 7.4.3 Security -- 7.4.4 Header Compression -- 7.4.5 Duplicates and Status Reports -- 7.4.6 Duplication -- 7.5 RLC -- 7.5.1 Overview -- 7.5.2 Segmentation -- 7.5.3 Error Correction -- 7.5.4 Transmissions Modes -- 7.5.5 Duplication -- 7.6 MAC Layer -- 7.6.1 Overview -- 7.6.2 Logical Channels -- 7.6.3 Random Access Procedure -- 7.6.4 HARQ and Transmissions -- 7.6.5 Scheduling Request -- 7.6.6 Logical Channel Prioritization and Multiplexing -- 7.6.7 BSR -- 7.6.8 PHR -- 7.6.9 DRX -- 7.6.10 Bandwidth Parts -- 7.6.11 BFD and Recovery -- 7.6.12 Other Functions -- 7.6.13 MAC PDU Structure -- 7.7 The RRC Protocol -- 7.7.1 Overview -- 7.7.2 Broadcast of System Information -- 7.7.2.1 Validity and Change of System Information -- 7.7.3 Paging -- 7.7.4 Overview of Idle and Inactive Mode Mobility -- 7.7.4.1 Cell Selection and Reselection Process -- 7.7.4.2 Intra‐frequency and Equal‐Priority Reselections -- 7.7.4.3 Inter‐Frequency/RAT Reselections -- 7.7.4.4 Cell Selection and Reselection Measurements.7.7.4.5 Reselection Evaluation Altered by UE Mobility -- 7.7.5 RRC Connection Control and Mobility -- 7.7.5.1 RRC Connection Control -- 7.7.5.2 RRC Connection Setup from IDLE and INACTIVE -- 7.7.5.3 Mobility and Measurements in Connected Mode -- 7.7.6 RRC Support of Upper Layers -- 7.7.6.1 NAS Message Transfer -- 7.7.6.2 Network Slicing -- 7.7.6.3 UE Capability Transfer -- 7.7.7 Different Versions of Release 15 RRC Specifications -- 7.8 Radio Protocols in RAN Architecture -- 7.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Deployment Aspects -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Spectrum Resources -- 8.2.1 Spectrum Refarming and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing -- 8.3 Network Density -- 8.4 Mobile Data Traffic Growth -- 8.4.1 Mobile Data Volume -- 8.4.2 Traffic Asymmetry -- 8.5 Base Station Site Solutions -- 8.6 Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Considerations -- 8.7 Network Synchronization and Coordination Requirements -- 8.7.1 Main Interference Scenarios in TDD System -- 8.7.2 TDD Frame Configuration Options -- 8.7.3 Cell Size and Random Access Channel -- 8.7.4 Guard Period and Safety Zone -- 8.7.5 Intra‐Frequency Operation -- 8.7.6 Inter‐Operator Synchronization -- 8.7.7 Synchronization Requirements in 3GPP -- 8.7.7.1 Cell Phase Synchronization Accuracy -- 8.7.7.2 Maximum Receive Timing Difference (MRTD) for LTE-5G Dual Connectivity -- 8.7.8 Synchronization from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) -- 8.7.9 Synchronization with ToP -- 8.7.10 Timing Alignment Between Vendors -- 8.8 5G Overlay with Another Vendor LTE -- 8.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Transport -- 9.1 5G Transport Network -- 9.1.1 5G Transport -- 9.1.2 Types of 5G Transport -- 9.1.3 Own Versus Leased Transport -- 9.1.4 Common Transport -- 9.1.5 Mobile Backhaul Tiers -- 9.1.6 Logical and Physical Transport Topology -- 9.1.7 Standards Viewpoint -- 9.2 Capacity and Latency.9.2.1 Transport Capacity Upgrades -- 9.2.2 Access Link -- 9.2.3 Distribution Tier -- 9.2.4 Backhaul and High Layer Fronthaul Capacity -- 9.2.5 Low Layer Fronthaul Capacity -- 9.2.6 Latency -- 9.2.7 QoS Marking -- 9.3 Technologies -- 9.3.1 Client Ports -- 9.3.2 Networking Technologies Overview -- 9.4 Fronthaul and Backhaul Interfaces -- 9.4.1 Low Layer Fronthaul -- 9.4.1.1 Network Solutions -- 9.4.1.2 Security -- 9.4.2 NG Interface -- 9.4.2.1 Connectivity -- 9.4.2.2 Security -- 9.4.3 Xn/X2 Interfaces -- 9.4.3.1 Connectivity -- 9.4.3.2 Security -- 9.4.3.3 Dual Connectivity -- 9.4.4 F1 Interface -- 9.4.4.1 Security on F1 -- 9.5 Specific Topics -- 9.5.1 Network Slicing in Transport -- 9.5.2 URLLC Transport -- 9.5.2.1 Latency -- 9.5.2.2 Reliability -- 9.5.3 IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) -- 9.5.4 NTNs (Non‐Terrestrial Networks) -- 9.5.5 Time‐Sensitive Networks -- References -- Chapter 10 5G Performance -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Peak Data Rates -- 10.3 Practical Data Rates -- 10.3.1 User Data Rates at 2.5-5.0 GHz -- 10.3.2 User Data Rates at 28 GHz -- 10.3.3 User Data Rates with Fixed Wireless Access at 28 GHz -- 10.4 Latency -- 10.4.1 User Plane Latency -- 10.4.2 Low Latency Architecture -- 10.4.3 Control Plane Latency -- 10.5 Link Budgets -- 10.5.1 Link Budget for Sub‐6‐GHz TDD -- 10.5.2 Link Budget for Low Band FDD -- 10.5.3 Link Budget for Millimeter Waves -- 10.6 Coverage for Sub‐6‐GHz Band -- 10.6.1 Signal Propagation at 3.5 GHz Band -- 10.6.2 Beamforming Antenna Gain -- 10.6.3 Uplink Coverage Solutions -- 10.6.3.1 Low Band LTE with Dual Connectivity -- 10.6.3.2 Low Band 5G with Carrier Aggregation -- 10.6.3.3 Supplemental Uplink -- 10.6.3.4 Benchmarking of Uplink Solutions -- 10.7 Massive MIMO and Beamforming Algorithms -- 10.7.1 Antenna Configuration -- 10.7.2 Beamforming Algorithms -- 10.7.2.1 Grid of Beams and User‐Specific Beams.10.7.2.2 Zero Forcing.621.38456Holma HarriToskala AnttiNakamura TakehiroMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910835069003321UNINA